1. 2nd Grade Art Smart Brook and Two Bridges by Claude Lorrain

2. Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) Born in France Known as simply Claude Orphaned at age 12 and moved to Italy Was an art apprentice and began his career painting frescos (painting on plaster walls) Began painting landscapes in 1630’s Considered the finest landscape artist in Italy Commissioned by popes, kings and ambassadors Died in Rome at age 82

3. Brook and Two Bridges by Claude Lorrain

4. Artwork by Claude Lorrain

5. Perspective A way to create the appearance of depth and three dimensions on a two- dimensional surface.

6. One-point Perspective: One vanishing point is used for roads, railway tracks, hallways, or buildings viewed so the front is directly facing the viewer.

7. Two-point Perspective: Two-point perspective can be used to draw the same objects as one-point, but rotated. Looking at the corner of a house or looking at two roads shrink in the distance.

8. Atmospheric Perspective: How an object appears with air or space between it and the viewer. In the front, colors are warmer & more intense, values are darker. In the distance, details decrease and colors are cooler & less intense, values lighten and fade.

9. Project:  Use 9x12 charcoal paper & oil pastels  Provide scrap paper for experimenting with pastels, blending with tissues, using tip & side for different looks…  Students draw object in foreground (closest) that will be most detailed. (animals, rocks, plants, etc.)  Students add other objects, less detailed & higher. (Trees, rivers, fields, structures, etc.)  The line between land & sky (horizon) is higher yet. The farther things are from us, the smaller, higher & bluer they appear. The farthest object should be bluish with less detail.  Adults spray fixative on finished work outside.

10. Perspective  When you look out upon a landscape in nature, you see, close to you, the stones with the moss on them, the blades of grass, the flowers and leaves, with the veins in them, and a man or a horse is the size of life, and you can count the buttons on the man’s coat.  Look away a few hundred feet; you can still see the grass, but it is a flat mass of green; the stones have lost moss, and you no longer see the buttons on the man’s coat, nor the veins in the leaves.  Look away half a mile farther, and you see nothing plainly. A little dot makes a man or a horse; the trees have lost their leaves and twigs; the rocks are spots of gray, and the woods a mass of green.  Look ten miles farther and you can see neither man, nor stone, nor tree, but the mountain is a mass of grey, almost without color, taking on somewhat the blue of the sky. (an extra drawing lesson)

11. (alternative project)  Linear perspective is represented by lines. These lines, if drawn from the top and bottom of an object, seem to run to one point, far in the distance. You can see this when you stand in the middle of a railroad track. The lines of the rails seem to run nearer together as they go farther away from you.

12. The Vanishing Point:  You have seen a balloon go up, and noticed, when you were close to it, how large it was, and how as it went higher and farther, it grew smaller and smaller, and you watched it sailing through the sky, till it was a mere speck, and at last it was out of sight. This point, where the balloon goes out of sight, is called the vanishing point.  The true horizon line, is where the lines drawn from the top and bottom of a row of houses, men, or other objects, meet and this horizon line is the point where the land and sky meet, and is always on a level with the eye.

13. One Point Perspective – a Simple Step by Step Lesson STEP ONE First draw a horizontal line (this isn’t the horizon line though) and 2 rectangles (as seen above). The rectangles can be drawn with 2 vertical lines and a horizontal line.

14. STEP 2 Now take a ruler and draw a line from the bottom and top of each rectangle and draw a line to the vanishing point. You should get an ‘x’ like, criss-cross shape like I did (above). This lines should not be dark because they will be erased. Now draw another Horizontal Line that intersects the Vanishing Point (This is the Horizon Line).

15. STEP 3 Now draw a vertical line closing off each building (as I did above) and then erase the rest of the line that you don’t need. Now you should have 2 3-dimensional rectangle shapes.

16. STEP 4 Now do you want to add windows? Windows can be added with 1-point perspective as well. Just pick where you want to add the windows. Take a ruler, and draw 2 lines for the top and the bottom of the windows and draw a line to the vanishing point again.

17. STEP 5 Now take your ruler and draw vertical lines down for the left and right side of each window, as pictured above.

18. STEP 6 Now erase the lines that you don’t need so your windows look something like the windows in the picture above.

19. STEP 7 However, if you want to add windows or a door on the side of the building facing us, you don’t need to use the vanishing point. You just need to draw vertical and horizontal lines. So for the door on the wall facing us, draw 2 vertical lines.

20. STEP 8 So for the door on the wall facing us, draw 2 vertical lines.

21. STEP 9 Now if you wanted to add a sidewalk to this drawing, then just draw a a line from the side of each building and draw it to the vanishing point.

22. STEP 10 And then draw another point where the inside of the sidewalk would be and draw that line down to the vanishing point as well. Notice how the sidewalk disappears at the vanishing point.

23. STEP 11  If you want to draw the lines on the sidewalk then draw horizontal lines all the way down the sidewalk…each line getting closer and closer to the line before it and the line after it.  Each line should be more grayed out and thinner the farther away they get.

24. Finished Picture  This is what the finished city sidewalks drawing looks like. If you were to draw more city buildings all the way down the sidewalk, they would all disappear at the vanishing point.

25. Tips…  Have the kids draw the criss-cross and lines to the vanishing point lightly because they will be erased.  Make sure they are using a RULER. It won’t work otherwise.  Discourage them from adding extra things (clouds, cars, etc) to the picture because it will lose it’s architectural feel.  Some kids will need more help than others on this squaring off their windows, doors etc.  Help them to darken up remaining lines (windows, buildings etc at the end.  Can be hung together with the first project or alone.

26. Example: