1. Developing Open MAS for Context-Aware Next Generation Wireless Network, ContextualNGWN Rafael Machado da Rocha

2. Sep 5, 20062/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Agenda Introduction Motivation Case Study The DynaCIP Approach Related Works Future Works

3. Sep 5, 20063/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Introduction Telecommunications –Devices can already connect to different wireless technologies –Convergence of wireless communication networks (2G, 2.5G, 3G) and wireless data networks (WLAN, 802.16) –Wireless services become increasingly independent from network providers –Increasing user demand for higher bandwidth and high-quality voice and multi-media connections (differentiated Quality-of- Service) –Consumers having many different wireless contracts for different purposes and regions

4. Sep 5, 20064/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Introduction How to use services and applications in a dynamic, flexible and adaptive wireless communications systems? –NGWN concepts and technologies include dynamic and adaptive systems and technologies providing a new paradigm for: Spectrum assignment and management Smart resource management Adaptive networking

5. Sep 5, 20065/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Motivation Dynamically distributes network resources to the users in the network –Contexts How to use implicit situational information to characterize situations of participants in wireless communications systems? –Open Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) How to use an open MAS to develop context information systems?

6. Sep 5, 20066/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – NGWN The vision assumes that Wireless network resources can be used on-demand Networks have different characteristics (geography, speed, delay, …) Devices can understand different wireless protocols Devices are able to negotiate with networks to find the best solution for the particular service type Vodafone 3G NZ Telecom T3G Woosh 802.16 University LAN User x wants to watch a movie over a wireless connection. Which provider should she choose? ? © PING 2005

7. Sep 5, 20067/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – NGWN We would like a solution that: –Reflects current usage level –Determines a price level for the network resources –Does not consume too much resources –Quick price response –transparent pricing scheme to users

8. Sep 5, 20068/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – NGWN

9. Sep 5, 20069/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – Contextual Protocols Organization Protocol for Calculating Prices : 1.Check base price for selected Service Type. 2.Check User Service history utilization. If user has Gold Class profile, give 5% discount or in Silver Class profile, give 3%. 3.Check User Service Type history utilization. If user has Gold Service Type Class profile, give 2% discount or in Silver Service Type Class profile, give 1%.

10. Sep 5, 200610/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – Contextual Protocols Environment Protocol for Calculating Prices: 1.Check number of users in the environment. If number of users is less then 50% of expected users in a time-based sampling, give 10% discount. 2.Check number of Network Providers providing requested service Type and their prices. If no other Network Provider offer this Service Type increase price 5%. If any other Network Provider has the same price give 2% discount. 3.Check Network Quality of Service (QoS). If wireless Tx/Rx signal offered is degraded, give 1% discount. 4.Check Resource Utilization. If network utilization is up to 95%, increase price 20%

11. Sep 5, 200611/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study – Contextual Protocols Interaction Directive for Providing Discounts: 1.Network Providers offers 15% discount for Service Providers. Role Protocol for Providing Discounts: 1.Network Providers can give up to 5% discount for company devices in business hour. Economic Protocol for Operating in the Market: 1.Trusts and monopolies (concentrations of wealth in the hands of a few) are prohibited in all organizations. 2.Organizations are prohibited to make price fixing agreements. 3.Organizations are prohibited to form cartels.

12. Sep 5, 200612/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio DynaCIP An Approach for Dynamic Contextual Information in Open MAS It is based on: –A Top-Down Contextual Modeling of Protocols –Environment Protocols –Organization Protocols –Role Protocols –Interaction Protocols –A Meta-Ontology to Explicitly Represent Contexts –A Rule Support to Compose and Retrieve Contextual Protocols

13. Sep 5, 200613/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Case Study Base Price: 250 Prof: +X% Context: -Y% Offer Price: 300 sendRFQs(ServiceType, …) calculatePrice (ServiceType, …) sendOffer(300) AUser ANetworkSupplier1 sendOrder(ServiceType, …) analyseOffers() criterion(cheaperPrice) ANetworkSupplier2 sendRFQs(ServiceType, …) Base Price: 250 Prof: +A% Context: -B% Offer Price: 299 calculatePrice (ServiceType, …) sendOffer(299)

14. Sep 5, 200614/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio DynaCIP

15. Sep 5, 200615/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Related Works Berezdivin, R., Breinig, R., Topp, R.: Next-generation wireless communications concepts and technologies. IEEE Communications Magazine 40 (2002) 108–16 BELTRÁN, F., ROGGENDORF, M., 'A simulation model for the dynamic allocation of network resources in a competitive wireless scenario' Mobility Aware Technologies and Applications, Second International Workshop, MATA 2005, Montreal, Canada, October 17-19, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3744, ISBN 3-540-29410-4. 54-64. ROGGENDORF, M., BELTRÁN, F., GUTIERREZ, J., 'Architecture and implementation of an agent-based simulation tool for market-based pricing in Next-Generation Wireless Networks' Proceedings of TridentCOM 2006, 2nd International IEEE/Create-Net Conference on Testbeds, Barcelona, Spain, March 1-3, 2006....

16. Sep 5, 200616/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Future Work Dependability Issue: safety –Guarantee only certified providers Refine the idea of the ContextualNGWN approach Implement a case study with ContextualNGWN for the first proof of concepts

17. Sep 5, 200617/17 Rafael Machado da Rocha © LES/PUC-Rio Questions? How can user requirements (a simple, transparent pricing scheme) be synchronised with the provider requirements (dynamic resource allocation)? What are the possibilities to hide users from the complexity of a dynamic pricing scheme? How safety and confidence is the network provider response? …