1. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Fréjus site pre-study and beyond NNN07 – HAMAMATSU Workshop on Next Generation Nucleon Decay and Neutrino Detectors Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo Site knowledge of Fréjus area State of studies for enlargement of undreground lab Further developements and items to consider for next stage design

2. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland The Area 670 km from Paris (F) 240 km from Milan (I) 190 km from Geneva (CH) 70 km from Turin (I) 200 km from Lyon (F)

3. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Fréjus facilities and future projects IN2P3 (CNRS) and DAPNIA (CEA) run the Modane Underground Laboratory (LSM) The Lab Facilities are composed by: External LSM buildings (under construction) LSM Project for a 60’000 m3 extension to be constructed according to on-going projects (safety tunnel) A cavity of about 3’500 m3 at middle of Fréjus Road Tunnel in French Territory Project for Large scale underground laboratory (1’000’000 m3) For 3 types of experiments (Glacier, Memphys, Lena)

4. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland The Main Underground Projects in Area Historical tunnelling in the area since 1480 (Pertuis di Visio) …existing Fréjus Railway tunnel (1857-1871) 12.2 km … …Fréjus Road Tunnel safety tunnel, 12.8 km… …Lyon-Turin Railway base tunnel, ~57 km …existing Fréjus Motorway tunnel (1975 -1978), 12.8 km…

5. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland The underground LSM location Fréjus tunnel entrance Railway tunnel (actual) LSM underground facilities

6. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland The On-Going Safety Tunnel Project Frejus safety tunnel project (safety tunnel to road tunnel): Aims to raise safety level of Fréjus Motorway tunnel by (Governments requirements): Adding 34 new shelters (every max 400 m) for auto-rescue of users; Provide a safe issue for fire brigades for rescue purposes; Provide an alternative issue to attack and manage fires and accidents in tunnel; Provide new rooms for technical equipment renewals; Accede to LSM without interferring with tunnel operation; Possibility of maintenance of tunnel equipments not affecting Tunnel operation; Provide fast access in case of accident. Internal safety tunnel diameter 8.00 m (clearance profile 6.6x4.0m) 5 carriage cross-adits (bypass) Longitudinal ventilation of safety tunnel 2 underground ventilation plants Portals energy supply up to 8 MW on each side Frejus safety tunnel project 2006 (approved by Governments on 11.12.06):

7. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Foreseen new laboratory rooms (60000 m3) OPTION 2OPTION 1 2 New Halls exc. A=37’500 m 3 (opt.1) exc. A=41’000 m 3 (opt.2) exc. B=15’000 m 3 by-pass tot. exc. 14’415 m 3 Safety Tunnel not modified No interruptions of LSM activities Flexibility for future upgrades Favourable orientation Excavated volume may be accomodated at the Safety Tunnel Deposit (F side)

8. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Megatonne project (SETEC-STONE) Position between railway and road tunnel Up to 5 independent shafts (various dimensions investigated) 130 m distance between shafts Shafts of max diameter 65 m and max height 80 m Total estimation of project (construction) 40+40 M € per shaft <65 m <80 m <130 m

9. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Megatonne project (SETEC-STONE)

10. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland The Geology Trias Series LSM Underground Facilities ~1800 m overburden Calcareous schists

11. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Geotechnics and Excavation Results Geology: Calcitic Schists UCS (30-80 MPa) Overburden: about 1800 m Fractures 4 main systems Exacavation profitable orthogonally to actual Tunnel (ENE) Very little seepage (cracks filled) Rock temperature around 30° Geology

12. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Projects milestones and relationships Start of safety tunnel excava tion End of safety tunnel excava tion End of safety tunnel equip ment Opera bility of safety tunnel 2009 20102012201420132015201620112017 60’000 m3 LSM extens. (3.5 months excavation) Possible starting point Y 0 of “1Mt” extension Y 0 +6 end of civil works

13. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Steps forward (location) Fréjus railway tunnel (actual) Fréjus Highway tunnel Safety tunnel (planned) 400 m Position 1 between railway and highway tunnel Use of exhaust duct of tunnel to site ventilation Underpass of highway tunnel Difficult mucking through safety tunnel Difficult energy supply (foreseen on opposite side) Difficult ventilation once in service Between two excavations (known area) Position 2 eastbound of highway tunnel Complement to small extension (single management and supervision) Mucking through safety tunnel Problematic site ventilation (exhaust) Location of Megatonne project close to actual lab High overburden (~1800 m) Good rock quality (experienced during tunnel excavation)

14. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Roadmap to preliminary design Optimize excavations and final dimensions (i.e. elmininating access, reducing inter-shaft links, optimizing shaft shapes). Improove geologic knowledge (integrating knowledges from railway tunnel). Define ventilation requirements of excavation according to design revision and new national regulations Define needs in terms of cooling and purification equipment Investigate on: Compatibility of plannings among safety tunnel and Megatonne Project Mucking solution via safety tunnel (by belt or by trucks); Exact definition of interferences among safety tunnel operation and construction works (ventilation, waterelectricity supply, etc…) Final destination of materials (Environnemental issues, possibility of re-use,…) Refine costs estimations

15. NNN07 - Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo - Switzerland Fréjus site pre-study and beyond NNN07 – HAMAMATSU Workshop on Next Generation Nucleon Decay and Neutrino Detectors Hamamatsu 05.10.2007 M. Russo Thank-you for your attention My personal idea of neutrino