1. Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde Period 2 Anatomy
Thyroid & Parathyroid
Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde
Period 2 Anatomy

2. Endocrine System A collection of glands Produce hormones
Regulates body’s growth
Metabolism
Sexual development &function

3. Glands Pancreas – Controls Glucose Pineal - This is involved
Parathyroid – Maintains
calcium level
Pituitary – influence various
Other endocrine glands
Thymus – influences the
body’s immune system
Thyroid – heat
production, bone
growth and
the metabolism
Pineal - This is involved
with daily biological cycles
Adrenal - has two parts
Influences metabolism
Influences part of
Nervous system
Hypothalamus –
Controls involuntary
Body functions
Ovaries & Testicles –
Influence female and
Male characteristics

4. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Glands are found inside each other
Butterfly shaped gland
Found inside the neck
Less then one once, (parathyroid) size of a grain of rice
Thyroid cartilage covers the larynx
Produces the prominence on the neck
This is known as the Adams Apple

5. Roles and Functions of the Thyroid & Parathyroid
Thyroids:
Controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients
Regulates metabolism
Produces:
Triiodothyonine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
 Parathyroids:
Control the calcium in our bodies

6. Triiodothyonine(T3) Iodine-rich and fuel metabolism
Plays a role in growth, metabolism, and development
Promotes normal growth of bones and increases strength and respiration.
Maintain the rate that your body uses fats and carbohydrates

7. Thyroxine(T4) Regulate the body’s metabolic rate by forming RNA
Production is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Produced by the Pituitary Gland.

8. Calcitonin Regulates amount of calcium in blood
Decrease bone destruction caused by cancer.
Benefits disappear shortly after it has not been taken by the body.
Produced by the cells of the thyroid.

9. Hyperthyroidism Overactive thyroid Swelling of the thyroid Causes
Grave’s disease
Toxic adenoma
Plummer’s disease
Thyroiditis
Produces too much T4
Overactive thyroid
Swelling of the thyroid
Symptoms
Sudden weight loss
Appetite and amount of food intake remain the same or increase.
Rapid heartbeat
Nervous
Anxiety and irritability
Frequent bowel movements
Sleeping difficulty,
Skin thinning
Hair-fine and brittle

10. Hypothyroidism Causes Autoimmune disease Hyperthyroidism treatment
Radiation therapy
Thyroid surgery
Congenital
Iodine deficient
Underactive thyroid
Glands fails to secrete T3 and T4
Symptoms
Increased sensitivity to cold
Constipation
Weight gain
Puffy face
Pain, swelling or stiffness in joints
Depression
Impaired memory
Dry skin
Goitre-swelling that results in a bulge in the neck.
May not notice at first, but over time signs become more apparent
-Animation

11. We can put more pictures here

12. Unique Facts Can be tested for hypothyroidism.
To get rid of hyperthyroidism-use radioactive iodine/surgery/pills to kill swelling.
Hypothyroidism can happen to women during or after their pregnancy.
14% of the population has one or two additional thyroid glands.
The thyroid gland weighs one ounce

13. Concept Check
1. What is the difference between the Thyroid and the Parathyroid glands?
The Thyroid gland: controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients and regulates metabolism.
The Parathyroid glands: Regulates the calcium in your body.
2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system?
There are 9 glands

14. Concept Check Continued
3. What is the difference between T3, T4 and calcitonin?
T3 maintains the rate at which your body uses fats and carbs
T4 regulates your body’s metabolism by producing RNA
Calcitonin regulates the amount of calcium in your body.
4. List three causes and symptoms for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidsim.
Hypothyroidism:
Causes: Autoimmune disorder, hyperthyroidism treatment, thyroid surgery
Symptoms: Increased sensitivity to cold, puffy face and constipation
Hyperthyroidism:
Causes: Grave’s disease, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis
Symptoms: Weight loss, nervous, and rapid heartbeat

15. Works Cited
BUPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"Calcitonin Has the following Structural Formula:." Medical Look. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"Chemistry of Thyroid Hormones." Colorado Sate. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"How Your Thyroid Works." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"Hypothyroidism." Rapid Med. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
Lee Lerner, Ed K. "The Thyroid." Endocrine System. 4th ed. Vol. 2. N.p.: n.p., N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Mar <
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Hyperthyroidism: Causes." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"Pregnancy Thyroid." Health Tap. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
Sandland, Di. "Hyperthyroidism." Find the Best. Find the Best, n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
T4 and T3. Anesthetist. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar <
"Diagram of Endocrine Glands." Diagram of Endocrine Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar
"Endocrine System." Endocrine System. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar