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Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET)

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Presentation on theme: "Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET)
Computer Networks

2 Computer Networks SONET
SONET Outline Brief History SONET Overview SONET Rates SONET Ring Architecture Add/Drop Multiplexor (ADM) Section, Line and Path Virtual Tributaries Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) Connection to ATM Computer Networks SONET

3 Telephone Networks {Brief History}
Digital carrier systems The hierarchy of digital signals that the telephone network uses. Trunks and access links organized in DS (digital signal) hierarchy Problem: rates are not multiples of each other. In the 1980’s Bellcore developed the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standard. Previous efforts include: ISDN and BISDN. Computer Networks SONET

4 North American Digital Hierarchy
28 M13 Multiplex M23 x7 Primary Eg. Digital Switch 24 chan PCM M12 x4 1 DS Mbps DS Mbps DS Mbps Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks European Digital Hierarchy Primary Multiplex Eg. Digital Switch 30 chan PCM 4th order x4 2nd order 3rd order Mbps 2.048 Mbps Mbps Mbps CEPT 1 CEPT 4 Computer Networks SONET

5 Computer Networks SONET

6 Computer Networks SONET
SONET:: encodes bit streams into optical signals propagated over optical fiber. SONET defines a technology for carrying many signals of different capacities through a synchronous, flexible, optical hierarchy. A bit-way implementation providing end-to-end transport of bit streams. All clocks in the network are locked to a common master clock so that simple TDM can be used. Multiplexing done by byte interleaving. SONET is backward compatible to DS-1 and E-1 and forward compatible to ATM cells. Demultiplexing is easy. Computer Networks SONET

7 Computer Networks SONET
Transmission links of the telephone network have been changing to SONET where rates are arranged in STS (Synchronous Transfer Signal) hierarchy. The hierarchy is called SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) defined by CCITT. It is an ITU standard. Computer Networks SONET

8 Computer Networks SONET

9 Figure 2-37. SONET and SDH Multiplex Rates Computer Networks SONET
SONET Rates 10 Gbps Figure SONET and SDH Multiplex Rates Tanenbaum Computer Networks SONET

10 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET
SONET Multiplexing DS1 Low-Speed Mapping Function DS2 STS-1 CEPT-1 51.84 Mbps DS3 Medium Speed Mapping Function STS-1 44.736 OC-n STS-n STS-3c STS-1 Mux CEPT-4 High- Speed Mapping Function Scrambler E/O STS-1 STS-1 STS-3c STS-1 STS-1 High- Speed Mapping Function ATM STS-1 150 Mbps Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

11 SONET Synchronous Multiplexing
STS-1 STS-1 Map STS-1 STS-1 Interleave Byte STS-1 STS-1 STS-1 STS-1 STS-3 Map STS-1 STS-1 STS-1 STS-1 Map Incoming STS-1 Frames Synchronized New STS-1 Frames Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

12 Computer Networks SONET

13 Computer Networks SONET
SONET Architecture SONET topology can be a mesh, but most often it is a dual ring. Standard component of SONET ring is an ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer) Drop one incoming multiplexed stream and replace it with another stream. Used to make up bi-directional line switching rings. Computer Networks SONET

14 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET
SONET Ring a b c d a b c d ADM ADM ADM ADM (b) Loop-around in response to fault (a) Dual ring Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

15 Computer Networks SONET
SONET Ring Changed from FDDI Computer Networks SONET

16 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET
ADM (a) pre-SONET multiplexing MUX DEMUX MUX remove tributary insert tributary (b) SONET Add-Drop multiplexing MUX ADM DEMUX remove tributary insert tributary Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

17 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET
SONET Ring Inter-Office Rings Metro Ring Regional Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

18 Gigabit ATM Over 10 Gb/s SONET Ring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Washington U. St Louis 1995 Computer Networks SONET

19 Early Microsoft Puget Sound Design
Computer Networks SONET

20 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET
SONET Architecture (a) STS PTE LTE STE STS-1 Path STS Line Section Mux reg SONET Terminal STE: Section Terminating Equipment, e.g. a repeater LTE: Line Terminating Equipment, e.g. a STS-1 to STS-3 multiplexer PTE: Path Terminating Equipment, e.g. an STS-1 multiplexer Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks (b) optical section line path Computer Networks SONET

21 The main SONET elements Computer Networks SONET
SONET Architecture SONET MPX BIM ADM OC-1 OC-3 REG OC-3 REG BIM SONET MPX OC-3 OC-3 OC-1 Sections Lines Path The main SONET elements Computer Networks SONET

22 Computer Networks SONET
SONET Architecture BIM = BIM (Byte Interleaved Multiplexer) REG = Regenerator Boosts power of optical signal Optical signal is converted to electrical signal. Amplify electrical signal. Amplified electrical signal converted back to optical signal. Computer Networks SONET

23 Computer Networks SONET
Virtual Tributaries Computer Networks SONET

24 SONET Frame SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope 90 bytes B B B 87B
Section Overhead 3 rows Information Payload 9 Rows Line Overhead 6 rows 125 s Transport overhead SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

25 Figure 2-36. Two Back-to-Back SONET Frames
Tanenbaum Computer Networks SONET

26 SPE straddling SONET Frame
Pointer first octet frame k 87 columns Synchronous Payload Envelope 9 rows Pointer last octet frame k+1 first column is path overhead Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Computer Networks SONET

27 ATM Cells in an STS-3 Frame Computer Networks SONET
ATM Cell Format Header 5 Bytes Payload 48 Bytes Computer Networks SONET

28 Computer Networks SONET
SONET Summary Brief History SONET Definition and Overview SONET Rates (STS and OC’s) SONET Ring Architecture Add/Drop Multiplexor (ADM) Section, Line and Path Virtual Tributaries Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) Connection to ATM Computer Networks SONET

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