1. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [1] Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Technical Seminar Presentation By Manjit Hota Roll # EC200118144 Under the guidance of Mr. Nalla Srinivasu

2. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [2]  Standard for optical communication transport  Formulated by ECSA for ANSI  1984  Defines OCs STSs SONET

3. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [3] Synchronization of Digital Signals Signal Synchronous Asynchronous Plesiochronous  Digital transitions in the signals occur at exactly same rate  All clocks are traceable to one PRC. Transition of the signal does not occur at same normal rate Almost same rate & variation constrained within tight limits

4. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [4] SignalBit Rate (Mbps) STS–1, OC–151.840 STS–3, OC–3155.520 STS–12, OC–12622.080 STS–48, OC–482,488.320 STS–192, OC-1929,953.280 SONET Synchronous Hierarchy

5. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [5] Network Design Considerations for SONET Transmission Media Optical fiber. Classified by bandwidth starting at OC-1 for 51.84Mbps. BandwidthRanges from 51.84Mbps(OC-1) to 9.95Gbps (OC-192). Application Support Voice, data, video and audio over the same line. Distance Limitations Fees increase as distance increases. Network Function Typically the telephone company's backbone. Use for WAN solutions over leased lines for large corporations. Cost Very expensive. Monthly fees for OC-3 coast-to-coast > $400,000.

6. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [6] SONET System Add/Drop Multiplexer Regenerator STS MUX

7. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [7] SONET Protocol Stack Data Link Physical Path Layer Line Layer Section Layer Photonic Layer Four Layers  Photonic Layer  Section Layer  Line Layer  Path Layer

8. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [8] SONET Frame 90 Columns 9 rows 3 columns TOHSPE 87 columns 90 octets/row * 8 bits/octet =720 bits/row 720 bit/roe * 920 rows/frame = 6480 bits/frame 6480 bits/frame * 8000 frames/second = 51.84 Mbps

9. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [9] Overheads  Simpler Multiplexing  Greatly expanded Operation, Maintenance, Administration & Provisioning

10. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [10] SONET Multiplexing Multiplexing principles  Mapping  Aligning  Multiplexing  Stuffing

11. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [11] SONET Network Configurations PTE REG PTE REG ADM Point to Point Point to Multipoint

12. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [12] ADM Hub Network Ring Architecture

13. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [13] SONET & SDH  Developed by CCITT  Standard useful for interfacing between the CCITT & ANSI transmission hierarchies  Developed in 1989  World wide standard & SONET can be considered as a subset of SDH

14. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [14] Advantages of SONET  Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing  Optical Interconnect  Multipoint Configurations  Reduced Cabling  Enhanced OAM&P  Enhanced Performance Monitoring

15. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [15]  Can be used as a backbone or totally replace other networking protocols such as SMDS or FDDI  Can support bandwidth on demand  Can be the carrier for ATM cells  Can be the carrier for ISDN and BISDN  Can replace existing T-1 or T-3 lines SONET Applications of SONET

16. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [16] Conclusion SONET was developed to promulgate standard optical transmission signal interfaces to allow mid-section needs of fiber optic system

17. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [17]

18. National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC200118144) [18]