1. 1 Sidevõrgud IRT 0020 loeng 402. okt. 2005 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut avots@lr.ttu.ee

2. 2 Teenus võrgus A Terminal A Terminal B Terminal B Terminal A Portal B Portal Transmission Access Session Service Control Service A Home Service B Home Service A User Service Management A User Service Management B User Service Management B User Service Management Transmission Access Service Terminal Telecom basic service/call control Off-line customer management Extended call control and IN charging Linear Service Architecture in Legacy Network: Static Services Two-Dimension Service Architecture in NGN: Active Services

3. 3 TTT GW SCN MCU GK Piirkonnad ja piirpinnad T T

4. 4 STM 1 155 Mb/s VCI-100 VCI-101 VCI-100 VCI-101 VPI-10, 50 Mb/s VPI-20, 60 Mb/s Virtuaalsed teed ja kanalid (VPI, VCI)

5. 5 Layer Concepts path termination path termination service (E1, E4..) mapping demapping service (E1, E4..) mapping demapping PTE multiplex section multipl. section termination ADM or DCS regenerator section regen. section termination regen. section termination REG PTE = path terminating element MUX = terminal multiplexer REG = regenerator ADM = add/drop multiplexer DCS = digital cross-connect system regen. section regen. section regenerator section

6. 6 Physical Layer - I. Photonic Path Multiplex Section Regen. Section STM-N Signal Light Pulse VC and MS Overhead Payload and Path Overhead Terminal Regenerator Optical Conversion Terminal Map internal signal and RS OH into STM-N signal Map Payload and Path OH into VC Map VC and MS OH into internal signal Services (E1, E2, E3, E4, Video, etc.) Regen. Section Physical Layers

7. 7 S T M 1 9 columns261 columns 270 columns VC Capacity Section overhead (SOH) 1st 2nd Order of transmission

8. 8 125 μsec 9 Rows Section Overhead 270 x N Columns 9xN Columns STM-N VC capacity STM-N frame

9. 9 Frame Structures 270 Columns 9 Rows 1,080 Columns 4,320 Columns STM-1 155.52 Mbit/s STM-4 STM-16 622.08 Mbit/s 2488.32 Mbit/s STM-64 9 rows x 17280 columns, 9953.28 Mbit/s

10. 10 Line, SPE and Payload Rates –Line rate = SOH + SPE –SPE rate = POH + payload capacity + fixed stuffing –VC payload capacity rate = line rate - SOH - POH - fixed stuffing –Transparent bit-stream capacity rate = line rate - SOH - POH –Example for STM-1 frame line rate: 270 columns x 9 rows = 2430 bytes 8000 fps x 19440 bits = 155.52 Mbit/s

11. 11 Rate Hierarchy SDH Level Line Rate (Mbit/s) SPE Rate (Mbit/s) Optical Level Electrical Level STM-1OC-3STS-3 STM-4OC-12STS-12 STM-16OC-48STS-48 STM-64 155.52 622.08 2488.32 9953.28 OC-192STS-192 STM-256 39813.12 150.336 601.344 9621.504 38486.016 OC-768STS-768 SONET 2405.376

12. 12 AU DS1E1DS1CDS2 TU DS1E1DS1CDS2 TU DS1E1DS1CDS2 TU Mapping Hierarchy - I. STM-N STS-1 Frame STM-1 Frame AU DS1E1DS2DS3/E3E4 SPE-Nc IP/ATM/Video DS1E1DS1CDS2 TU DS3/E3 DS1E1DS1CDS2 TU

13. 13 Mapping Hierarchy - II. C-4 C-3 C-2 C-12 C-11 VC-4 VC-3 VC-2 VC-12 VC-11 TU-3 TU-2 TU-12 TU-11 VC-3 STM-NAUGAU-4 139 Mbit/s ATM AU-3 TUG-3 44 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s TUG-2 6.3 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1.5 Mbit/s xN x3 x1 x7 x4 x3 x1 x3 STM-0 x1 VT-1.5 VT group VT group STS-1 SPE STS-1 SPE STS-1 STS-3N DS3 BULK STS-3c BULK AUG Aligning Mapping xN Multiplexing x1

14. 14 Uni- and Bi-directional –Only working traffic is shown –Subnetwork (path) or multiplex section switching for protection A CE BF D Uni-directional Ring (1 fiber) C-A A-C A CE BF D Bi-directional Ring (2 fibers) C-A A-C

15. 15 STM -N Mux K1K2 Read/Sel K1K2 Write Working STM-N Protect STM-N STM-N Mux K1K2 Write K1K2 Read/Sel Tributary Channels Tributary Channels MSTE Automatic Protection Switching APS = Automatic Protection Switching Allows network to react to failed lines, interfaces, or poor signal quality Performed over the entire STM-N payload Uses K1 and K2 bytes of MS Overhead

16. 16 Synchronization in Voice Networks Network Clock Asynchronous transport network uses pulse stuffing and is transparent to E1 timing DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14 0.000001 ppm LT f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm

17. 17 Timing distribution is done using embedded E1 facility Asynchronous transport network is transparent to E1 timing Synchronization Distribution Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 20ppm LTCBLT E4prop.E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14M13 0.000001 ppm 20ppm LT Dedicated Timing E1

18. 18 SDH used in point-point configuration Direct replacement for async transport SDH terminals free-run at 20ppm. Not network synchronized. No pointer adjustments so no issues with E1/E4 mapping jitter ! f1 20ppm f2 20ppm f3 20ppm f4 20ppm f5 20ppm f6 20ppm Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 M14 CBLT E4STM-16E4E1 E4prop.E4E1 M14 0.000001 ppm SDH NE SDH NE Initial SDH Deployments

19. 19 Current SDH Deployments - I. Questions: How do I time the SDH network ? Can I still just free run all my SDH NEs at 20ppm ? What is the impact of pointer adjustments ? How do I distribute timing to the CBs and DS0 switches ? Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB E1 CB STM-1 E4E1 0.000001 ppm STM-16 STM-1 STM-4 ???

20. 20 All STM-N interfaces traceable to PRS to avoid excessive pointers Excessive pointers cause jitter/wander in embedded E1/E4 payloads Timing distributed to CB and DS0 switches directly via STM-N lines Current SDH Deployments - II. Network Clock (Stratum 1) DS0 Switch CB BITS E1 0.000001 ppm STM-16 STM-1 STM-4 STM-1

21. 21 Data Communication Channel –DCC is a 192 kb/s in-band channel to facilitate communication between all Network Elements (NE) in a network Remote login, alarms reporting, software download, provisioning DCN SDH DCC Management Server OSS Network Operations Center ADM GNEGNE GNEGNE GNEGNE Management Clients SDH DCC SDH DCC Management Client Alarm and Event Forwarding TDM

22. 22 Management Interfaces - I. OS DCN WS TMN NE QA F X Q3/X/F Q3 TMN Model as of M.3010 Reference point

23. 23 Management Interfaces - II. –CMIP over OSI TMN Manager/Agent communication standard Agent Mgr. Agent Element Manager Layer Network Element Layer CMIP/OSI

24. 24 Side loomine ( connection establishment ) B A Nõudlus Vastus (kinnitus)

25. Terminali (raadioühendus) võrku Terminaal Raadioühendus Võrk Teenused Phone PDA laptop 60 GHz 40 GHz 17 GHz 5 GHz WLAN WLL Satellite ATM Internet Intranet …….. speech video QoS data best-effort data

26. 26 WCDMA kanalid Base Station (BS) User Equipment (UE) P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel SCH - Sync Channel P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel S-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s) Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel Dedicated Connection Channels PICH - Page Indication Channel Paging Channels S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel Random Access and Packet Access Channels

27. 27 Vastastikused häired

28. 28 T TGT TRR TT T Võrkude ja teenuste ühendamine

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