1. Organization of the Upper Limb
Robert S. Staron, Ph.D.
Summer Anatomy Immersion

2. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Gray’s Anatomy 37th ed
Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

3. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

4. Antr division: flexor comp. Postr division: ext comp.
Netter’s Atlas of Human Embryology 2002

5. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)

6. Origin of Limb Muscles
Dorsal muscle mass forms extensors and supinators in upper limb, extensors and abductors in lower limb.
Ventral muscle mass forms flexors and pronators in upper limb and flexors and adductors in lower limb.
Morphogenesis guided by CT, not myoblasts
Split into individual muscles, cell death involved
Carlson l999
Human Embryology Larsen 1993

7. Hollinshead’s Textbook of Anatomy 5th ed

8. Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

9. 21.
Rohen/Yokochi Color Atlas of Anatomy 2nd ed

10. Brachial Plexus
Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

11. hand – forearm – arm – shoulder distal proximal
Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

12. Extrinsic shoulder mm. Intrinsic shoulder mm. trapezius m.
latissimus dorsi m.
levator scapulae m.
rhomboideus major m.
rhomboideus minor m.
serratus anterior m.
infraspinatus m.
supraspinatus m.
subscapularis m.
teres minor m.
teres major m.
deltoid m.
Anterior thorax mm.
1) pectoralis major and minor mm.
2) subclavius m.

13. trapezius m. (spinal accessory n. - CN XI + C3 & C4)
Extrinsic shoulder mm.
trapezius m. (spinal accessory n. - CN XI + C3 & C4)
latissimus dorsi m. (thoracodorsal n. - C6, C7, C8)
levator scapulae m. (C3 & C4 + dorsal scapular n. - C5)
rhomboideus major m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)
rhomboideus minor m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)
serratus anterior m. (long thoracic n. - C5, C6, C7)
Anterior thorax mm.
1) pectoralis major ( C5-T1) & minor (C6-C8) mm.
med/lat
pect nn.
2) subclavius m. (n. to subclavius m. - C5, C6)

14. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

15. Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

16. Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

17. Intrinsic shoulder mm.
infraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)
supraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)
subscapularis m. (upper + lower subscapular nn. - C5, C6)
teres minor m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)
teres major m. (lower subscapular n. - C5, C6)
deltoid m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)

18. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas 8th ed
Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed

19. Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

20. rotator cuff musculature
Netter’s Atlas 2nd ed

21. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - arm
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)

22. Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

23. brachium antr compartment postr compartment biceps brachii m.
long head
short head
brachialis m.
coracobrachialis m.
triceps brachii m.
lateral head
medial head
long head
anconeus m.

24. coracobrachialis m. (C5-C7)
musculocutaneous n.
(C5-C7)
biceps brachii m. (C5, C6)
brachialis m. (C5, C6)
coracobrachialis m. (C5-C7)
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

25. axillary n. (C5-C6) radial n. (C5-T1) deltoid m. (C5, C6)
teres minor m. (C5, C6)
radial n. (C5-T1)
triceps brachii m. (C6-C8)
anconeus m. (C7, C8)
(brachialis m. C5, C6)
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

26. Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

27. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)

28. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)
(FCU & ulnar ½
FDP)

29. Grant’s Dissector 13th ed

30. antebrachium antr compartment postr compartment pronator teres m.
flex. carpi radialis m.
palmaris longus m.
flex. carpi ulnaris m.
flex. digit. superf. m.
flex. digit. profund. m.
flex. pollicis longus m.
pronator quadratus m.
brachioradialis m.
ext. carpi radialis longus m.
ext. carpi radialis brevis m.
ext. carpi ulnaris m.
extensor digitorum m.
extensor digiti minimi m.
extensor indicis m.
abd pollicis longus m.
ext. pollicis longus/brevis m.
supinator m.

31. antebrachium antr compartment (median & ulnar nn.)
pronator teres m. (C6, C7)
flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, C7)
palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)
flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, T1)
flex. digit. profund. m. (C7, C8, T1)
flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, T1)
pronator quadratus m. (C8, T1)

32. antebrachium antr compartment (median & ulnar nn.)
pronator teres m. (C6, C7)
flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, C7)
palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)
flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, T1)
flex. digit. profund. m. (C7, C8, T1)
flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, T1)
pronator quadratus m. (C8, T1)

33. ulnar n. (C7-T1) flex carpi ulnaris m. medial ½ FDP
+ 14 intrinsic hand
muscles
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

34. median n. (C5-T1) PT, FCR, PL, FDS, lat ½ FDP, FPL, PQ
+ 5 intrinsic hand
muscles
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

35. antebrachium postr compartment (radial n. C5-T1)
brachioradialis m. (C5, C6)
ext. carpi radialis longus m. (C6, C7)
ext. carpi radialis brevis m. (C6, C7 or C7, C8)
ext. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
extensor digitorum m. (C7, C8)
extensor digiti minimi m. (C7, C8)
extensor indicis m. (C7, C8)
abd pollicis longus m. (C7, C8)
ext. pollicis longus/brevis m. (C7, C8)
supinator m. (C5, C6)

36. radial n. (C5-T1) triceps brachii m., anconeus m. (brachialis m.)
BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDM, supinator, ECU, EI, AbdPL, EPL, EPB
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

37. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy 11th ed

38. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)
(FCU & ulnar ½
FDP)

39. Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand
Anterior
musculocutaneous n.
Humerus
radial n.
Ulna
Radius
median n. & ulnar n.
(including ECRL & brachioradialis mm.)
5th metacarpal
ulnar n. & median n.
Posterior
Grant’s Dissector 13th ed
(including a portion
of the brachialis m.)
(FCU & ulnar ½
FDP)
(thenar mm. & 1st, 2nd lumbricals)

40. intrinsic hand muscles (C8, T1)
7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)
4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4)
palmaris brevis m.
adductor pollicis m.
three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB)
three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM, FDMB)

41. intrinsic hand muscles (median & ulnar nn.)
7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)
4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4)
palmaris brevis m.
adductor pollicis m.
three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB)
three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM, FDMB)

42. upper limb - cutaneous innervation
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed

43. upper limb –
dermatome pattern
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed