1. 18.1 Imperialism and America
A. Global competition
B. Desire for military strength
A1.Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
A2. Americans believed in imperialism with the idea of manifest destiny.
A3. 3 factors fueled American imperialism
desire for military strength
thirst for new markets
belief in cultural superiority
B1. Other countries started to build up their military so the US followed suit
B2. Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become the 3rd largest in the world
13A

2. US NAVY

3. Great White Fleet’s Route

4. C. Thirst for new markets
D. Belief in cultural superiority
E. Cry for annexation
C1. US was overproducing certain goods so they looked to other countries for trade
D1. US believed in cultural, racial, and religious superiority over weaker countries
E1. Hawaii produced the main sugar supply for the US in 1875 b/c it was duty free
E2. McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the duty free status of Hawaii which meant Hawaii now faced competition in the US market
E3. US pressured Hawaii to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor 6A

5. F. End of a monarchy
F1. US ambassador overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and setup a govt. run by senator Dole
F2. President Cleveland recognized the republic of Hawaii but refused annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians wanted it
F congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory

6. 18.2 The Spanish-American War
A. American interest in Cuba
B. Headline wars
A President Pierce tried to buy Cuba from Spain, but they refused
A2. US helped Cuba to fight for freedom from Spain, but it failed
B1. Yellow journalism – style of writing that American journalist used to show the brutality of the Spanish to Cubans. It exaggerated the news to lure and encourage readers
8A / 7D

7. Yellow Journalism

10. C. The De Lome letter
D. USS Maine explodes
E. War in the Philippines
C1. De Lome letter criticized the American president and made more Americans sympathize with the Cubans
D1. Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana
D men killed
D3. No one knows why the ship exploded
D4. Newspapers claimed that the Spanish blew up the ship
E1. 1st battle of the Spanish-American war was fought on the Philippine Islands
E2. George Dewey with American troops and Filipino rebels fought for the independence of the Philippines
E3. Spain surrendered

11. F1. US placed a blockade on Cuba F2. US army was weak
F. The war in the Caribbean
G. Rough Riders
H. Treaty of Paris
I. Debate over treaty
F1. US placed a blockade on Cuba
F2. US army was weak
G1. Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry under the command of Teddy Roosevelt
G2. San Juan Hill – Rough Riders cleared the way for the victory 2 days later the war was over
H1. US + Spain signed an armistice
H2. Treaty of Paris – Spain freed Cuba and turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to the US
H3. Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million
I1. Debate over if the US had the right to annex the Philippines
I congress approved the annexation of the Philippines
2D / 8D

12. Rough Riders

13. 18.3 Acquiring New Lands A. Return to civil govt. B. American soldiers
A1. Foraker act- ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt.
A2. Act gave power to the US presidents to appoint governors and members of the upper house
A3. Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be US citizens
B1. US controlled Cuba the same as Spain
B2. US provided food, clothing, gave people land, and organized schools

14. 4D C. Platt Amendment D. Philippine-American war
E. Aftermath of the war
C1. Cuba wrote its own constitution
C2. Since they did not specify a relationship with the US, the US added the Platt amendment
Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence
Cuba was not to go into debt
US could buy or lease land for naval stations
C3. Cuba was a US Protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
D1. Filipinos rose up against the US
D2. US had harsh control over the Island which killed many Filipinos
E1. Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto Rico
E2. Philippines would eventually become an indep. republic 4D

15. F. John Hay’s open door notes
G. Boxer rebellion in China
H. Protecting American rights
F1. Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US
F2. No single nation would have a monopoly
F3. Create an open door policy with China
G1. Europeans dominate China’s trade
G2. Boxers were anti-Christian and European
G3. Army of foreign troops marched to the capital putting down the boxer rebellion
H1. US pledge to protect China
H2. US depended on exports
H3. Us had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign market open
H4. They feared that the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened US survival 3A

16. 18.4 America as a World Power
A. Roosevelt the peacemaker
B. Panama Canal
A1. Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty b/w Russia and Japan
A2. Won the noble peace prize
B1. US needed a canal that cut across Central America
B2. US had to get permission from Colombia who ruled Panama
B3. This called for a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia
11A

17. Roosevelt in Latin America

18. C. Constructing the canal
D. Roosevelt Corollary
E. Dollar Diplomacy
F. Moral Diplomacy
(Missionary Diplomacy)
C1. Cost 380 million
C2. Took ten years to build the canal
D1. Many Latin American countries had borrowed money from European countries to build RRs
D2. Roosevelt thought European countries would try to reclaim their lands
D3. Roosevelt Corollary- US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America
D4. Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use military force
E1. Using the US govt. to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business (Taft)
F. Moral obligation- US was to promote moral progress in world. (Wilson)
12D / 10A / 9D