1. Technology Guide 2 Software

2. Types of Software Application Software Systems Software
A set of computer instructions, written in a programming language
Systems Software
An intermediary between computer hardware and application programs and knowledgeable users may also directly manipulate

3. Types of Application Software
Spearsheets software
Data management systems (DBMSs)
Word processing
Desktop publishing
Graphics : presentation graphics; analysis graphics; and engineering graphics
Multimedia
Communications software
Software suites
Workgroup software
Enterprisewide integrated software

4. Systems Software System Control Programs Operating systems
job management
resource management
data management
Graphic user interface operating systems
Processing tasks
multiprogramming and multiprocessing
time-sharing
Virtual memory
virtual machine operating system

5. Systems Support Programs
System utility programs
accomplish common tasks
System performance monitors
monitor computer system performance and produce reports containing detailed statistics concerning the use of system resources
System security monitors
monitor the use of a computer system to protect it and its resources from unauthorized use, fraud, or destruction

6. Systems Support Programs
System development programs
translate user computer programs written in source code into object or machine code

7. Programming Languages
Evolution of Programming Languages
Machine language : 0-1 long; difficult programming
Assembly language : assemble repetitive instructions, shorter code
Procedural language : include commands, shorter code
Non-procedural languages : application generators; commands specify results
Intelligent languages : natural language processing
Generations
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Progress

8. High-Level Languages Procedural Languages (3rd generation)
require the programmer to specify exactly how the computer will accomplish a task
Nonprocedural Languages (4th generation)
allows the user to specify the desired results without having to specify the detailed procedures needed for achieving the results
Natural Languages Programming Language –NLP (5th generation)

9. New Programming Languages
Object-oriented Programming Languages
Object – models “things” in the real world
Class – a template or general framework that defines the methods and attributes to be included in a particular type of object
Message passing – allows objects to interact with each other
Encapsulation – inaccessibility of data in an object
Inheritance – define a class of objects as a special case of a more general class
Polymorphism – send the same message to several different receivers (objects)

10. New Programming Languages
Visual Programming Languages
used within a graphical environment
allows developers to create applications by manipulating graphical images directly
examples: Visual Basic, DELPHI, CA Visual, Power Objects, and Visual C ++

11. Internet-Oriented Languages
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
standard language the Web uses for creating and recognizing hypermedia hypermedia
hypertext : an approach to data management in which data area stored in a network of nodes connected by links (called hyperlinks)
uniform resource locators (URLs) : represent hypermedia links and links to network service within HTML
dynamic HTML : next step beyond HTML

12. Internet-Oriented Languages
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
optimized for document delivery across the Net
Java
develop applications that work across the Internet
JavaBeans
platform-neutral, component architecture for Java
ActiveX
a set of technologies from Microsoft that combines different programming languages into a single, integrated Web site

13. Internet-Oriented Languages
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
a file format for describing three-dimensional interactive worlds and objects
represent static and animated objects
have hyperlinks to other media such as sound, video, and image
Web Browsers
major software tool for accessing and working with the web
display various media and active the hyperlinks
Major competing browsers : Netscape Navigator and Communicator and Microsoft’s Explorer

14. Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
It is a tool or programmers, systems analysts, business analysts, and systems developers to help automate software development and at he same time improve software quality.
It is a combination of software tools and structured software development methods.

15. Categories of CASE Tools
Upper CASE (U-CASE)
focus primarily on the design aspects of systems development
Lower CASE (L-CASE)
helps with programming s and related activities
Integrated CASE (I-CASE)
incorporates both U-CASE and L-CASE functionality and provide support for many tasks throughout the SDLC

16. Advantages of CASE Tools
Improves productivity
Results in better interaction among users and information systems professionals
Makes easier to create prototypes
Makers easier to make system design changes as circumstances change

17. Software Issues and Trends
Software Licensing
Vendors can copyright software
Guidelines : when information systems (IS) managers cannot find proof of purchase for software, they should get rid of the software or purchase new licenses

18. Software Issues and Trends
Software Upgrades
may offer valuable enhancements
may contain bugs
Shareware
user is expected to pay the author a modest amount for the privilege of using it
Freeware
software that is fee

19. IT for Management
Prof. Efraim Turban
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