1. Chapter 4 INDEPENDENCE! Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
The American Nation
4/10/2017
Chapter 4 INDEPENDENCE!
Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
Section 3: Independence Declared
Section 4: An American Victory
CHAPTER 4--INDEPENDENCE!

2. Objectives: Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s Rebellion?
Why did the British government pass the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act?
How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?
What events led to the Boston Massacre?

3. Crown response to Pontiac’s Rebellion
Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
Crown response to Pontiac’s Rebellion
issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring traders to obtain permission before entering the territory
attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs of fighting the rebellion

4. Sugar Act and Stamp Act Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed because the British government was deeply in debt from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian uprisings.

5. Colonial response to the Stamp Act
Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
Colonial response to the Stamp Act
Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation without representation.
Colonial merchants signed nonimportation agreements.
Some public demonstrations turned violent.

6. Events leading to the Boston Massacre
Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest
Events leading to the Boston Massacre
Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767; writs of assistance used to enforce them.
British government dissolved the Massachusetts assembly for its opposition.
Protest escalated into boycotts and violence; British troops sent to Boston.
British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.

7. Objectives: Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the Boston Tea Party?
Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?
What events led to the battles at Lexington and Concord?
What actions did the Second Continental Congress take?

8. The Boston Tea Party Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the British East India Company; it gave the company privileges that no American merchants had.
The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to Britain.

9. The Intolerable Acts Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
passed to punish Boston and the rest of Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party
designed to strengthen British control over all the colonies

10. Events leading to battles of Lexington and Concord
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
Events leading to battles of Lexington and Concord
Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to Intolerable Acts.
First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade with Britain.
Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize rebel military supplies.
Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British soldiers.

11. Second Continental Congress
Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World
Second Continental Congress
Continental Army established; George Washington chosen to command
fought the Battle of Boston
sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George
voted to declare independence

12. Objectives: Section 3: Independence Declared
How did the Declaration of Independence explain America’s break with Great Britain?
How did Americans react to the Declaration of Independence?
What major problems did the Continental Army face?
What roles did different groups of people play in the war?

13. Declaration of Independence
Section 3: Independence Declared
Declaration of Independence
listed King George III’s misdeeds
established the doctrine of unalienable rights
declared that people have the right to abolish government that deprives them of unalienable rights

14. Reactions to Declaration
The American Nation
4/10/2017
Section 3: Independence Declared
Reactions to Declaration
Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed British icons.
Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration; some fled.
Some Patriots wanted women included in the government.
CHAPTER 4--INDEPENDENCE!

15. Army problems Section 3: Independence Declared
lack of important supplies, including food, clothing, and other necessities
harsh weather
disease
shortage of enlistments

16. African Americans Section 3: Independence Declared
Some fought for the British to gain freedom.
Many former slaves fought for Patriots.

17. American Indians Section 3: Independence Declared
Many supported the British, who promised to protect land rights.

18. Women Section 3: Independence Declared
Some served as spies and messengers; a few as soldiers.
Many accompanied troops to work as cooks, laundresses, and nurses.
Others made war materials and kept colonial economy going.

19. Objectives: Section 4: An American Victory
What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton and Saratoga?
How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West and the South?
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

20. Battle of Trenton Section 4: An American Victory first major offensive
raised American morale

21. Battle of Saratoga Section 4: An American Victory
The American Nation
4/10/2017
Section 4: An American Victory
Battle of Saratoga
encouraged European countries to become U.S. allies
raised American morale
CHAPTER 4--INDEPENDENCE!

22. The West and the South Section 4: An American Victory
Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed and flexibility.
Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack more places.
Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take advantage of local geography and to destabilize the British.

23. The Treaty of Paris Section 4: An American Victory
granted the United States independence
transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to Florida, to the Americans
declared that the Americans should pay any debts owed to the British