1. Relationships with Australian outdoor environments as influenced by: nation building

2. What is Nation Building?
So far we’ve covered:
Indigenous Australians
The first Non-Indigenous settlers
Increasing Population
Industrialisation
Think about what events have occurred since industrialisation that have involved Australia in a world scale, but also local events/achievements………

3. Toward Federation
As Federation approaches people had started to see themselves as being different to Europe and had started to develop a unique Australian identity
The bush became more familiar and with artists reflecting this change in attitude with works that showed the Australian environment as a place of beauty and interest

5. Poets such as Banjo Patterson began to see the Australian Bush as a romantic and special place

6. The growing Urban population began to seek nature experiences: scenery, fresh air, walking , picnicking and beach activities
Pride in the uniqueness of the Australian Environment encouraged a growing conservation ethic
The Melbourne Amateur Walking and Touring Club was established in 1894
The Field Naturalist Group of Victoria was formed in 1880 and served as a leader and lobbyist for environmental preservation and conservation.
Australia’s first national park, Royal National Park near Sydney, was declared in 1879
In Victoria Fern Tree Gully National Park was declared in 1882 and Tower Hill in 1892

8. Nation Building
Nation Building could be said to be an ongoing process in Australia's non-indigenous settlement.
Periods after the first and second World Wars involved major infrastructure developments.
Think about the returning soldiers and post war immigration that provided a workforce to help in the construction of this infrastructure.
List these types of infrastructure:

9. Nation Building Infrastructure
Thomson Dam

10. Nation Building Infrastructure
Lake Guy – Bogong Village: Hydro Electricity Scheme

11. Nation Building Infrastructure

12. Nation Building Infrastructure
Great Ocean Road, Victoria

13. Nation Building Infrastructure

14. Nation Building Infrastructure
Westgate Bridge

15. Nation Building Infrastructure
Grain Farming – grew rapidly with the increase in technology and machinery developed during World War 2

16. Nation Building Infrastructure
Cotton Farming – Relied heavily upon one of our natural resources………? In which areas of the country…………?

17. Nation Building Infrastructure
Cattle grazing increased along with vineyards – enabled Australia more independence from European countries and increased our exports world wide. After World War 2, exports gradually declined. Why would this be?

18. Nation Building Infrastructure

19. Nation Building Infrastructure

20. Nation Building Infrastructure
Wind Farms throughout
Victoria. What are the
Positive and negatives of a
wind farm?

21. Nation Building Infrastructure
What implications did this nation building infrastructure have on:
Our country and resources
The people and community
Relationships with outdoor environments

22. Nation Building Infrastructure
What kind of relationships did people form with the outdoor environment as a result of this infrastructure?
Positive? How?
Negative? How?
Positive
Negative
Other
Appreciation- working in different environments allowed people to build a great respect because……
Weather……
Just a job ……..

23. Nation Building
Have humans continued to have the same impact on outdoor environments from indigenous habitants through to now? Explain

24. Nation Building
The end of the nineteenth century saw the population in Victoria over 1.2 million, which was 30% of the total Australian population.
This rapid growth had taken its toll on the land and marine environments.
In ‘developing’ as a country, many mistakes were made that had devastating effects on the natural environment. These included:
Erosion
Salinity
Weed infestation
Pollution
Species extinction
It was at this time people realised they had to change the way they used natural environments.

25. Nation Building
Marine and estuarine systems were under pressure from the effects of:
Irrigation
High-density settlement in coastal areas
Farming practices
How did each of the above effect the environment?
Slide 20 page 148 textbook

26. Nation Building
Due to the rapid industrial growth and technological advance more demand was placed on natural resources which worsened environmental degradation. This included clearing of land for timber mills which in turn had further effects.
Competition for natural resources between different industries often resulted in conflict. Example; logging operations depleted timber supplies than were also needed for local mine shaft construction.

27. Nation Building
In 1952 the Victorian National Parks Association (VNPA) rose to promote natural reservations and national parklands. The VNPA remains a non-government, non-profit organisation that continues to lobby the State Government in regard to forest issues.
In the 1960’s public consciousness of environment degradation grew as environmental issues become more apparent, such as:
Land development schemes
Mining of beach sands
Preservation of the Great Barrier Reef
Flooding of Lake Pedder for hydroelectricity
Effects of pollution
Around the same time more conservation groups were formed to help protect natural environments, they included:
The Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF)
The South West Committee – later became The Wilderness Society (TWS)

28. Nation Building
It was during the 20th century, Australians began to realise that the environment was being degraded by human actions and things needed to change. While century old European land management strategies are still in place today there is an increasing awareness in the value of the environment beyond that of a resource. The perception of the natural environment solely as a resource for human use is also changing.

29. Nation Building
Science and technology are now helping to find the balance required for ecological sustainable development. Scientists can now predict how long natural resource stocks such as fossil fuels and timber will last at the current rate of use. What measures can be taken to prevent the impacts from worsening?
Page 150, dot points in middle of page

30. Resources Two men in a tinnie - DVD Two in the top end – DVD
OES textbook – case studies