1. Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Sigmund Freud ( )

2. The mind is like an iceberg.
Most of it is beneath the surface.

3. Parts of the mind According to Freud Conscious mind
Thoughts we are aware of
Examples?
Unconscious mind
Wishes, thoughts, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware
Largest part of the mind
How do we access?
Preconscious mind
Temporary storage; memories easily brought into consciousness

5. Freud’s theory People driven by biological desires Food Water Sex
Aggression

6. The id, ego, and superego Examples? The Id Unconscious mind
Life and death instincts
Life instincts = positive constructive behaviors
Death instincts = aggression and destructiveness
Pleasure principle
Wants IMMEDIATE satisfaction regardless of society’s rules or rights/feelings of others
Examples?

7. The id, ego, and superego Examples? The Ego The self
Organizes ways to get what we want
Works out compromises with id (the reality principle)
Often “referees” between id and superego
Delayed gratification
Examples?

8. The id, ego, and superego Examples? The Superego
Develops as we experience rules & values of society
Requires internalizing of values
Represents our sense of morality
Examples?

10. Should I eat a bacon-double cheese burger?
What would Id say?
“Yes. It is yummy and I am hungry.”
What would Superego say?
“No. It is bad for my health. It is not an ecologically sustainable way to eat.”
How would Ego resolve conflict?
Use defense mechanism (rationalization) to satisfy id and superego. “Well, just this one time won’t hurt. I’m in a big hurry and wouldn’t it be worse if I had a sensible meal and then had to speed to get to my meeting on time?”

11. How are the id, ego, and superego at work (or not)?
Pastor Ted Haggard was the leader of America's largest evangelical Christian association, the founder and pastor of one of America's most famous mega-churches, a campaigner for "family values" and a vocal opponent of gay marriage legislation. Then a male prostitute came forward and claimed that Haggard had paid him for services and meth. Haggard admitted to having paid for a massage and said that he threw the drugs away.
George and the éclair

12. Freud’s theory These are the warning bells!
Unresolved conflicts can lead to anxiety
Objective anxiety
Neurotic anxiety
Moral anxiety
These are the warning bells!

13. Anxieties Objective anxiety
Fear of tangible dangers (fire, wild animals, etc.)
Bad when carried to extreme
Neurotic anxiety
Fear of punishment for expressing id-dominated behavior
Not afraid of instinct; afraid of punishment
Moral anxiety
Conflict between id and superego
Often leads to shame and guilt

14. Freud’s theory Defense mechanisms Unconscious tactics Goal
Prevent threats from surfacing
Disguise threats that do surface

15. Defense mechanisms Eight groups (each has a defense mechanism) Task
Page 403 in textbook
Explain to class how defense mechanism works
Create a skit that shows defense mechanism in action

16. Defense mechanisms Displacement Group presentation Valentine’s Day

17. Defense mechanisms Denial Group presentation The Big Bang Theory

18. Defense mechanisms Rationalization Group presentation Yes Man

19. Defense mechanisms Sublimation Group presentation Mean Girls

20. Defense mechanisms Reaction Formation Group presentation Happy Endings

21. Defense mechanisms Regression Group presentation Friends

22. Defense mechanisms Repression Group presentation Big Bang Theory

23. Defense mechanisms Projection Group presentation Friends

24. Defense mechanisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM2UV_KAmls
How many different defense mechanisms can you identify?
Friends
Reflection exercise
Be conscious of your own defense mechanisms. Which ones do you tend to exhibit? Explain!

25. Name that defense mechanism
A physically abusive parent claiming that a beating is good for the child.
An 8-year-old child whose parents are getting divorced starts wetting the bed.
A young woman forcing the memories of sexual abuse into her unconscious mind.
After suffering major losses in the stock market, Jim trades in his luxury car for a small, cheaper car claiming that he wants to help stop air pollution.
1. Rationalization
2. Regression
3. Repression
4. Reaction Formation

26. Name that defense mechanism
5. After getting fired, Mr. James has been grumpy and short with his wife.
6. An aggressive young man takes up rugby to re-channel his aggressive impulses.
7. A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was Friday, despite having it marked on his calendar for weeks.
8. A young woman failed a class at school. She asks her teacher what she can do to pass the course.
5. Displacement
6. Sublimation
7. Repression
8. Denial

27. Name that defense mechanism
9. A student plans to cheat on an upcoming exam, which interprets the anxiety of students who desire to cheat on the exam.
10. A person frequently makes anti-gay slurs, yet harbors romantic feelings for a same-sex friend.
11.Tory was convicted for being a Peeping Tom. Now, he has left behind his sordid past and is a photographer for Playboy magazine.
12. After being criticized at work, Thomas argued with his wife and kicked the dog.
9. Rationalization
10. Denial
11. Sublimation
12. Displacement

28. Freud’s theory Personality development Develops through childhood
Series of psycho-sexual stages
Different part of body becomes primary focus of pleasure
Failure to resolve conflict can lead to fixation

29. Oral stage Birth to 18 months Mouth is center of pleasure
Problems could arise if weaned from breast or bottle too soon or too late
Adult issues (if unresolved)
Smoking
Over eating
Talking too much

30. Anal stage Ages two to three
Toilet training (anus) is center of pleasure
Problems could arise if too soon or too late
Adult issues (if unresolved)
Anal retentive
Stingy and neat
Anal aggressive
Disorganized or impulsive

31. Anal stage

32. Phallic stage Ages three to six Genitalia is center of pleasure
Different for boys and girls
Unresolved conflicts lead to relationship issues as adults

33. Phallic stage – Boys Sexual feelings for mother
Unconsciously wants to get rid of father
Oedipus complex
Ego represses desires
Boy strives to be like father

34. Phallic stage – Girls Strong feelings for mother
Realizes she has no penis
Penis envy
Transfers feelings to father
Electra complex
Ego represses desires
Girl strives to be like mother

35. Latency stage Age six until puberty Sexual impulses dormant
Child focuses on education & other issues
Social skills develop
Children generally play with same sex children

36. Genital stage From puberty on Genitals become source of pleasure
Degree of fulfillment depends on resolution of conflicts from earlier stages

37. Assessing the Unconscious
Freudian slips
Lapse in speech which Freud believed reflected unconscious desires or beliefs
Free association
Have patient do all of the talking – about anything – and then interpret
Dream analysis
Interpreting latent (hidden) content of actual events (manifest content) of dreams

38. Neo-Freudians Alfred Adler Carl Jung Karen Horney
Womb envy – men can’t bear children; life less meaningful
Cultural factors create inferiority in women – not penis envy
Carl Jung
Karen Horney
Id impulses didn’t drive personality
Desire for control drove personality
People born with “life force”
Introversion and extroversion developed personality

39. Modern Psychoanalysis
Maintain:
Role of the unconscious
Inner conflicts and Defense mechanisms
Reject:
Psychosexual stages
Id, ego, superego