1. Child Care
Chapter Eleven

2. Objectives
Identify five areas of basic needs for which children depend on their caregivers
Give examples of three ways to childproof a home
List eleven common childhood injuries
Describe four types of substitute child care
Identify four areas in which a child has needs beyond physical needs
Explain how to guide children's behavior
Summarize how play promotes a child's development

3. Children's Basic Needs A caregiver is anyone who takes care of a child
Parents often need the help of others since parenting is such a big job
Parenting is the process of caring for children and helping the grow and develop
Parenting includes providing care, guidance, and support in order to promote a child's growth and development

4. Meeting Basic Needs
The most basic responsibility of caring for children is meeting their physical needs:
Food - children need nutritious foods to promote or encourage healthy growth and development.
Sleep - infants and young children need more sleep than teens and adults. Getting child to sleep can be challenging.
Clothing - infants need basic garments, such as shirts, sleepers and of course, lots of diapers.
Cleanliness - infants explore their world by touching and putting objects in their mouths. Be sure to keep toys and other favorite objects clean.

5. Health Care Infants need regular checkups during the first year.
Children need immunizations, which is a shot of a small amount of a dead or weakened disease carrying germ so the body may build a resistance
The disease carrying germ is called a vaccine
Health care providers can tell you what vaccines are needed at what ages.

6. Keeping Children Safe To prevent injuries, follow these safety rules:
Keep small objects and all plastic bags away from babies
Never leave a baby alone on a raised surface, such as a bed, dresser, or changing table
Choose toys that age-appropriate and undamaged. Age-appropriate means it is suitable for the age and developmental needs of a child
Make sure the baby's crib and other equipment meet current safety standards

7. Childproofing the Home
To childproof means to take steps to protect a child from possible dangers.
You can do this by identifying potential hazards and removing them or keeping them away from children.
Put covers over electrical outlets
Install safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs
Keep scissors, matches, lighters, poisonous substances - cleaning products, paints medicines on high shelves or behind a locking door

8. Childproofing
Make sure there is no risk of furniture such as a dresser or a television stand of falling over
Make sure all windows that can be opened have secure screens
Move small appliances, such as the toaster and iron, out of reach. Unplug them when not in use
Teach children heaters and the stove are hot and keep handles of pots and pans turned towards the center of the stove.

9. Safety Away from Home
For every car journey, no matter how short, secure infants and children in approved safety seats
Never let children out of your sight in a public place, like a park
Be especially vigilant when near a swimming pool or body of water
Teach children about “stranger danger” and to never get into a car with someone they do not know

10. 1-800-442-4918 (Riverside County)
Preventing Abuse
Child abuse can take several forms, including physical, emotional and sexual
Neglect, another form of abuse, occurs when caregivers fail to meet children’s basic needs
No matter what form it takes, abuse is inexcusable and illegal
Every state has a hotline number to report suspected abuse – you can remain anonymous
(Riverside County)

11. Common Injuries Problem What to Do Bites (animal or human)
Wash wound with water, cover with sterile gauze, call physician
Bites (insect)
Wash area, apply antiseptic
Broken Bone
Seek medical help, do not straighten the limb
Bruises
Cold washcloth, gently apply to bruise
Burns
Minor burns, run cold water for 5 minutes – more serious burns go to hospital
Cuts and Scrapes
Apply direct pressure and stop bleeding, wash wound, apply antiseptic and bandage
Foreign Object in Eye
Gently pull lower lid down while person looks up, use lint free cloth to touch object
Nosebleed
Keep person seated and leaning forward. Do not tilt head back (choking) Apply direct pressure for 10 minutes
Poison
Call poison control immediately
Sprains
Apply ice to reduce swelling, wrap limb and keep elevated
Stings
Scrape stinger with something flat, like a credit card pulling out venom sac, Wash wound thoroughly and apply ice to prevent swelling. Watch for allergic reaction

12. Choosing Child Care Services
In-Home Care: Parents may arrange for a caregiver to come to their home, this allows child to stay in familiar surroundings
Family Child Care: Some caregivers look after children in their own homes, children enjoy a homelike setting
Child Care Centers: Offers programs with carefully planned activities in an environment designed for children. Centers must be licensed
Before and After-School Care: Working parents of school age children may need care for a few hours before and after school. Programs might be offered by community centers or schools.

13. Choosing Child Care Services
Parents should ask these questions:
How many children are assigned to each caregiver?
What training and qualifications do the caregivers have?
What activities are offered? How will they benefit my child?

14. Reflection Part I
On a separate piece of paper, answer the following questions:
Paraphrase what the term ‘parenting’ means
List three things a caregiver can do to keep a child safe outside the home.
Contrast in-home care and family child-care.

15. Nurturing Children
For children to develop their full potential, they also need a loving, stimulating environment
caregivers who provide for their intellectual, emotional, social and moral needs
A stimulating environment is one in which there are a wide variety of things to see, taste, touch, smell and hear.

16. Nurturing Children
Intellectual – Research shows importance of an environment that stimulates all five senses of brain development.
When you talk, read, play and share with children, you are helping to stimulate their intellectual development.
Emotional – All children need to feel loved an valued. They need people who will listen to them, give them smiles and hugs, cheer their accomplishments and comfort them.
Children who feel successful and loved have greater confidence and higher self-esteem

17. Nurturing Children
Social – Children need to learn how to make friends, get along with others and express their thoughts, feelings and desires in socially acceptable ways.
To develop these skills, they need to be around other children and guidance from their caregivers
As they learn to play with others, share and take turns, children are learning valuable life-long lessons
Moral – Children need to develop a sense of right and wrong. Consistent, loving guidance helps them do so. Basic values such as fairness and empathy are best taught by example.

18. Guiding Behavior
Guidance means using firmness and understanding to help children learn how to behave
Caregivers need to be patient, understanding and gentle as they guide children toward appropriate behavior

19. Guiding Behavior Promote Good Behavior: Set Limits:
Modeling appropriate behavior is the best way to promote it in children. Responding well to a child’s good behavior encourages them to repeat it
Set Limits:
Children need to know what they may or may not do.
Although they may complain about the rules, they feel more secure when they know what is expected of them.
State limits clearly and responsibly

20. Guiding Behavior Handling Misbehavior:
Redirect Behavior – With infants and toddlers, misbehavior can often be avoided or stopped by redirecting the child’s attention
Give Reminders – All children make mistakes. Reminding a child of good behavior is often all you need.
Remove Child From the Situation – Often just putting child in a time out situation gives the child a chance to calm down.
Make the punishment appropriate – if a child will not pick up his toys, it is appropriate to not allow them to play with them for an hour. It would not be appropriate to cancel a trip planned for the next week
Enforce Consequences – This can be hard for a parent, but it teaches a child that you mean what you say.

21. Learning Through Play
Physical Activities – like playing tag, help develop motor skills, strengthen muscles and improve coordination
Intellectual – Reading to children teaches them about letters, words and ideas.
Emotional – Play can build bonds. This boosts their self-esteem.

22. Types of Play
Quiet Play – Involves activities that engage the mind and use small motor skills, like using clay, puzzles or crayons.
Active Play – involves physical activities that use larger motor skills, like climbing jungle gyms, riding a tricycle or playing soccer.
Free Play – also called creative play, is a time when children can choose any safe activity they want.

23. How to Read to a Child
1. Choose Age-Appropriate Books – Stories should be suitable for child’s age and interests 2. Discuss the Story – talk about the pictures and how the characters may be feeling and what might happen next. 3. Have the Child Participate – Children love to turn pages, choose the books and point at pictures 4. Read it Again – Be prepared to read the same story many times, children love to hear stories over and over. 5. Let Them Read – When a child is old enough, let them read along and help them through tough words, praising them along the way.