1. Chapter 17: Verbs

2. Section 17.1 Action Verbs What is an action verb?
A verb that tells what action someone or something is performing.
Examples:
The typhoon destroyed the village.
The boy ran to the playground.
Additional note
Action verbs may show visible action or mental action.

3. Exercise #1: Identify the action verb in each sentence, and determine if it’s a visible action or mental action.
Chinese artists of the Bronze Age made beautiful carvings.
made; visible
Kings had tombs decorated extravagantly for themselves.
decorated; visible
Artists painted the walls with scenes of daily life.
painted; visible
The Chinese remembered their ancestors.
remembered; mental
They hoped for harmony between human beings and nature.
hoped; mental

4. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
What is a transitive verb?
It directs action toward someone or something named in the same sentence.
Example
Jenna reads books about Guam.
What is an intransitive verb?
It does not direct action toward someone or something named in the same sentence.
Jenna reads every night before going to bed.

5. Exercise #2: Identify the action verb in each sentence
Exercise #2: Identify the action verb in each sentence. Then, determine if it’s transitive or intransitive.
The Shang people began as a clan of villagers in central China.
began; intransitive
Their rule occurred during two separate periods.
occurred; intransitive
The first period came before the establishment of the capital city.
came; intransitive
Archaeologists discovered most of the artifacts from the first period in graves.
discovered; transitive
The art of metalwork advanced greatly during this period.
advanced; intransitive

6. Kings of the Shang dynasty constructed elaborate tombs.
During the second period, the rulers practiced a complex system of ancestor worship.
practiced; transitive
Kings of the Shang dynasty constructed elaborate tombs.
constructed; transitive
They worried about being remembered.
worried; intransitive
Artisans worked with jade, stone, and bronze.
worked; intransitive
They carved the jade in the shape of birds and animals.
carved; transitive

7. Chapter 17, Section 2 Attention Grabber:
Create a sentence showing no action. 
Examples:
Jade is a teacher. is
Larry was glad.
was
It could have been worse.
could have been
What do these sentences have in common?
They contain LINKING VERBS.
Forms of Be (pg 366)
Other Linking Verbs (pg 367)

8. Linking Verbs What to know about linking verbs: Example:
They do not show action.
They help one word in a sentence name or describe the condition of another word in the sentence.
Example:
The Apollo 13 mission was successful.
What is the linking verb?
was
What two words is it linking?
Subject to its information.
Subject: Apollo 13 mission
Information: successful

9. Steps to identify the linked words
Find the linking verb using the example given:
The Apollo 13 mission was successful.
Linking verb: was
Find the subject of the sentence.
Note: A subject is a word or group of words in a sentence that tells whom or what the sentence is about.
Subject of above sentence
Apollo 13 mission
Find the information (description or condition) of subject.
successful

10. Practice: Underline the linked verb and draw a double-headed arrow to show which words are being linked by the verb.
It may be the most famous lunar-landing mission.
may be; It - mission
It would be difficult to name a more courageous crew.
would be; It – difficult
Their names are James A. Lovell, Jr.; John L. Swigert, Jr.; and Fred Wallace Haise, Jr.
are; names – James A. Lovell, Jr.; John L. Swigert, Jr.; Fred Wallace Haise, Jr.
These men were aboard during an explosion on the module.
were; men - aboard

11. Using Other Linking Verbs
The astronauts felt concerned after sensing the explosion.
felt; astronauts - concerned
After the system malfunction, the situation turned serious.
turned; situation - serious
The tension in the module grew thick.
grew; tension – thick
The levels of oxygen, water, and power appeared lower.
appeared; levels - lower

12. Based on last practice, it looks like an action verb!
Don’t get confused – it’s easy to tell the difference if that’s the case. All you do…
Substitute am, are, or is for the verb.
Let’s try it out:
The Apollo 13 mission seemed routine in its early stages.
First, find the verb: seemed
Second, replace seemed with am, are, or is.
The Apollo 13 mission am routine in its early stages.
The Apollo 13 mission are in its early stages.
The Apollo 13 mission is in its early stages.
The third one makes sense, so it’s a linking verb.

13. Continued
An electrical surge turned a successful mission into a perilous one.
First, find the verb: turned
Second, replace the verb with am, are, or is.
An electrical surge am a successful mission into a perilous one.
An electrical surge are a successful mission into a perilous one.
An electrical surge is a successful mission into a perilous one.
Do any make sense?
No, so it’s an action verb.

14. Introduction to Ch17.S3
Look at the following sentences. What seems off?
I written about my family.
I have written about my family.
If there is enough time, I go to the ball park to buy tickets.
If there is enough time, I will go to the ball park to buy tickets.
Answer: They need helping verbs.
Example #1: I rake the leaves.
What is the verb?
rake
How would you say this if you are going to rake the leaves later?
I will rake the leaves.

15. On the board
Create verb phrases for the following by adding helping verbs:
play
decide
remember
invite
Create sentences on the board using each verb phrase.
Underline the verb phrase and circle the helping verb.

16. Exercise #17 Identifying Helping Verbs
Did you hear about the Apollo 13 mission?
Did
Many journalists have written about this historic flight.
have
People will be talking about the events of the Apollo 13 mission for years to come.
Will be
On the way to the moon, Apollo 13 must have experienced technical difficulties.
Must have

17. An electrical surge had occurred inside a fuel cell.
The following explosions might have been caused by the electrical surge.
might have been
The astronauts had been taught to enter the lunar module in case of emergency.
had been
They could survive in the lunar module for 45 hours.
could
After 95 hours in the module, all supplies should have been exhausted.
should have been
The astronauts’ courage has been admired by people throughout the world.
has been

18. Finding Helping Verbs in Sentences
Note: Verb phrases are often interrupted by other words.
Examples:
Together:
They will be flying in the morning.
Separated:
They will definitely not be going with us.
Have you and the others met our friends?

19. Exercise #18: Identify the Verb Phrases
Exercise #18: Identify the Verb Phrases. Watch out for those that may be separated.
Differing accounts have sometimes been written of the events of the Apollo 13 mission.
Have been written
However, you will be impressed by the courage of the Apollo 13 crew.
Will be impressed
Had sparks been created by contact between two electrical wires?
Had been created
A fire in space can be caused by any number of sources.
Can be caused

20. A fire would certainly result in limited supplies.
would result
An astronaut in trouble must always keep a clear mind.
must keep
Fortunately, the Apollo 13 crew had been trained to deal with emergencies.
had been trained
The astronauts did not panic.
did panic
With correct propulsion adjustments, the moon’s gravity will send a spacecraft back to Earth.
will send
This voyage may have been the most successful failure in the annals of spaceflight.
may have been