2. IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

3. Bone marrow gives rise to B cells.
Clonal Selection
Bone marrow gives rise to B cells.
Mature B cells migrate to lymphoid organs.
A mature B cells recognizes epitopes.

4. Hallmarks of the Immune Response
Self/Non-self Discrimination
Memory
Specificity

5. A. Self/non-self discrimination - One characteristic feature of the specific immune system is that it normally distinguishes between self and non-self and only reacts against non-self.
B. Memory - A second feature of the specific immune response is that it demonstrates memory. The immune system "remembers" if it has seen an antigen before and it reacts to secondary exposures to an antigen in a manner different than after a primary exposure. Generally only an exposure to the same antigen will illicit this memory response.
C. Specificity - A third characteristic feature of the specific immune system is that there is a high degree of specificity in its reactions. A response to a particular antigen is specific for that antigen or a few closely related antigens

6. T-independent Antigens
B cell
Figure 17.17

7. Body doesn't make Ab against self Clonal deletion
Self-tolerance
Body doesn't make Ab against self
Clonal deletion
The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens

8. T-Dependent Antigens
Figure 17.16

9. Clonal Selection

10. Cellular Events in 1o Response to T-dependent Ags
Lag
Clonal selection
Log
IgM
Class switching
Stationary
Decline
Memory Cell Pool
IgM
Memory Cells
IgG
1o Ag

11. Cellular Events in 2o Response to T-dependent Ags
Lag phase
Virgin cells
Memory cells
Log phase
Pool size
IgG, IgA or IgE
Stationary
Decline
Sustained production
IgM
Memory Cells
IgG
Memory Pool
Virgin B cell

12. Memory T cells T Cells Th cells Long Term Memory Virgin cells
Memory cells
Th cells
Cytokines
Long Term Memory Th
Memory Cells
Memory Pool
Virgin cell

13. Animation of cell selection

14. Immunoglobulin Genetics

15. IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

16. How many types of Abs???
100 Millions
100,000,000 = 108

18. Immunoglobulin Genetics History
Same C region could associate with many V regions
IgG Ab with different specificities
Same V region could associate with many C regions
Same idiotype on IgG and IgM Ab
V and C regions coded for by separate genes

19. Light Chain Gene Families Germ line gene organization
J1
C1 E
J2
C2
J3
C3
J4
C4 P L
V1
Vn
V2
Lambda light chain genes; n=30 P L
V  1
V  n
V  2
J2
J3
J5 C E
J1
J4
Kappa light chain genes; n=300

20. Light Chain Gene Families Gene rearrangement and expression
V 1
V n
V 2
J2
J3
J5 C
J1
J4
DNA P E P E L
V 1
J5 C
V 2
J4
DNA
DNA Rearrangement E L V C J
RNA
Transcription
Primary transcript C L V J
RNA Processing
RNA
mRNA
Protein
Translation C L V J V C J
Protein
Transport to ER