1. EARLY PERIOD Migration A. Ice Age 1. Glaciers 2. Beringia
a. Land Bridge
b. Northeast Asia
c. South from Alaska
B. Ocean Travelers
1. Southeast Asia
2. Australia to Baja Calif
3. Spread N & S
C. Agricultural Revolution
1. Domestification
a. Crops – maize
b. Animals
2. Civilization
a. Specialization
b. Hierarchy

2. Early North American Cultures
A. Anasazi (SW US)
1. Chaco Canyon
2. Mesa Verde
3. Kivas
4. Pueblos
B. Mississippian
1. Mound builders
2. Miss River flood plain
C. Algonquian
1. Present day New England
2. Common language
D. Iroquoian
1. Many Groups
2. Five tribes
a. Iroquois League aka Iroquois Confederacy
b. Dekanawda & Hiawatha
c. Great Binding Law
d. Constitution

3. Causes for European Exploration
A. Crusades
1. Holy Wars
2. Holy Land
3. Discoveries
B. Renaissance
1. Rebirth
2. Search for knowledge
C. Reformation
1. Reform Catholic Church
2. Martin Luther
3. Resistance = New Religions
4. Search for religious freedoms
D. Technology
1. Astrolabe
2. Magnetic Compass
3. Caravel
4. Sextant
5. Prince Henry the Navigator
6. Weapons
E. GOD – GOLD – GLORY

4. Europeans Venture Out
A. Vikings AD
2. Longboats
3. Leif Ericsson
4. Labrador
B. Bartolomeu Dias
1. Portuguese
2. southern tip of Africa
C. Vasco da Gama
2. East to India
D. Christopher Columbus
2. Italian sailing for Spain
3. Asia in opposite direction
4. Claudius Ptolemy
a. 200AD
b. Round Earth w/latitude & longitude
E. Amerigo Vespucci
1. None/nothing
2. Writer
3. Name

5. European Exploration
A. B/C of Columbus’ discovery
B. Columbian Exchange
1. Mixing of cultures
2. Europe contributes
a. Tea, sugar, coffee
b. Horses, cattle, sheep, chickens
c. Words
d. Disease
3. American inhabitants contributes
a. Tobacco, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, chocolate
b. Words
c. Disease
C. Spanish explores aka Conquistadors
1. Hernando Cortez
a men
b. Conquer Aztec
2. Francisco Pizarro
a men
b. Conquer Inca

6. D. Reasons for success w/few men
1. Weapons
2. Fair-skinned people
3. Horses
4. Frightened by #2 & 3
5. Gods fulfilling prophecy
6. Lack of immunity
E. Spanish in North America
1. Francisco Coronado
a. Seven Cities of Gold
b. Present day New Mexico & SW
2. Hernando de Soto
b. Present day FL, GA, AL, MS, AR
c. De Soto Caverns Childersburg
3. Juan Ponce de Leon
a. War to bring Ferdinand/Isabella to power
b. Columbus’ second voyage
c. Gold mines in Puerto Rico
d. The Fountain of Youth
e. Present day FL
f. Most civil of all
F. Failure in NA

7. Colonization of NA
A. First European Settlement
1. St. Augustine
2. Florida east coast
4. Spanish
B. First English Settlement
1. Roanoke (1587)
2. North Carolina
3. CROATOAN
4. The Lost Colony (Lumbees in-land)
C. First Successful English Settlement
1. Jamestown (1607)
2. Virginia
3. Joint-stock company
a. Private company
b. Sell shares to investors
4. House of Burgesses
a. Burgesses = representative
b. Limit royal authority
c. Increase citizen participation
d. Democratic government
5. First black slaves (Anthony Johnson later)

8. D. Southern Colonies
1. VA, NC, SC, GA
2. Plantation Economy
a. Vast farms
b. One main crop
3. New Arrivals
a. Wealthy landowners fm Church of England
b. French Protestants aka Huguenots
c. Indentured servants
*receive boat passage
* servant for 7 years to pay off debt
E. Middle Colonies
1. NY, NJ, DE, MD, PA
2. Farming, shipping, fishing, trading economy
3. New arrivals
a. Dutch, Swedish, British
b. Roman Catholics to MD
4. William Penn
a. Proprietor
b. Quaker
*persecuted religious group
*pacifist

9. F. New England Colonies
1. MA, CT, RI, NH
2. Small towns w/single church
a. Small farms
b. Fishing, lumber & craft economy
3. New arrivals
a. Puritans & Pilgrims
b. Separated fm Church of England
4. Mayflower Compact (1620)
a. Just & equal laws for all
b. Town meetings
c. Adult males make laws
G. Social and Economic Life
1. Emphasis
a. Individual freedoms
b. Hard work
c. Self-reliance
2. Mercantilism
a. Main economic system of world
b. Nation’s power measured by gold reserves
c. Export more than import = surplus of gold
d. Colonies source of cheap raw materials for England
e. Colonies market for expensive finished goods from England

10. Triangular Trade Route A. Molasses from Caribbean to NY
B. Rum from NY to West Africa (Europe for $ then to WA)
C. Slaves from West Africa to Caribbean (later to SC)
D. Middle Passage = Atlantic Ocean Leg (WA to Carib)
Rum
Molasses
Slaves
Middle Passage
New York
West Africa
Caribbean