1. Duluth Minnesota Elsa Chiu HKCSS

2. The Duluth Model Background 1970s First shelter opened in the States Advocacy groups, the press, lawmakers, researchers, academia and the public, leader in different disciplines recognized the need to develop and implement new policies and protocols to protect victims Background

3. The Duluth Model Background 1978 A domestic abuse case Cindy Landfried was battered for 3 yrs, finally she shot and kill her husband. propose a proactive domestic assault intervention project Duluth as the site for an experimental project introduce multiple inter-agency agreements to improve the community’s ability to hold offenders accountable for their violence. Background

4. The Duluth Model Background March 2, 1981 The priority is always the victims safety. Launch Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) Adopt policies and procedures to coordinate interventions Use legal sanctions, rehabilitation programs and incarceration when necessary Background

5. Critical Success Factors Community consensus Resource support Trust and support Autonomous, non-profit agency and small coordinating staff (interest free, neutral position) Small community Critical Success Factors

6. The Duluth Model A criminal justice intervention project in domestic violence cases. A system of ã Networks ã Agreements ã processes ã applied principles created by local shelters movement, criminal justice agencies and human services programs. A comprehensive community-based project widely recognized as a model in confronting domestic assault Background

7. Aims Advocate for collective interest of women, instead of individual case to case To increase victim safety To increase accountability of the perpetrators To break the climate of tolerance to domestic violence Aims

8. The five core principles of intervention Clear and specific goals provided a consistent stance burden of confronting abusers -- the community, not the victim individual practitioners -- cooperative, guided by training, job descriptions and standardized practices responsive to the totality of harm Priority -- Protection of the victim basic understanding of and a commitment to accountability to the victim Principles

9. 8 Essential Activities Building a Coordinated Community Response composes of community organizing and advocacy Building coherent philosophical approach (Focus on victim safety) Developing “ best practice ” policies and protocols Reducing fragmentation Building monitoring and tracking system Ensuring a supportive community infrastructure; Intervening abusers directly Undoing harm to the victims; Evaluating the outcome (the victims ’ standpoint) Activities

10. DAIP Organizing Process Talk Watch Read Work in small group Propose changes Convince policy makers Test new ideas & make adjustments Organize training Monitor compliance Document Impact Organizing Process Agency audit Implementation Evaluation

11. The Duluth Model (2003) Minnesota Program Development, Inc. 1. Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (Coordinate the Community Response) 2. Men’s Non-violence Education Class / CrossRoads Program 3. Domestic Abuse Information Network (DAIN) 4. Child Visitation Centre 5. National Training Project Content

12. Law enforcement Com. organizations Judiciary Pence (1996). Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Assault Cases: A Guide for Policy Development. MN :Minnesota Program Development, Inc. Medical Judiciary

13. Feedback DAIP Staff Counselor & group facilitators 911 communication centre The Police The prosecutors / probation officers Public health nurse People in system Feedback

14. Many people think it ’ s wrong for a woman to bring her partner to court for abuse. It ’ s NOT … Court don ’ t ruin relationships, violence does. (MIKE) When I was arrested, I was mad at everyone …..These classes really helped me. I can see now what I was doing and I think I can deal with my problem a lot different now. (Dave)

15. Achievement comprehensive community-based system intervention strengthened criminal justice response strong pro-arrest policy consistent sentencing of perpetrators Good victim advocacy and support Mandatory attendance Strong penalties. Achievement

16. Achievement international recognition on pioneering efforts To alter public policy To protect victims of domestic abuse To offer rehabilitation opportunities for offenders Achievement

17. Institutional change any efforts changing the socio-cultural institution? changing the perpetrators themselves? Criminal Justice approach? public health approach? community prevention strategies? influence of the media? teenage? Issue of concerns Issue of concern

18. Other concerned professions The medical practitioners ? The Churches ? The schools ? Issue of concerns Issue of concern

19. Monitoring Professional compliance Victim safety Support to batterers Issue of concerns Issue of concern

20. Is it necessary to further strengthen the system in responding to domestic violence in Hong Kong? HOW? Who? when? Where? What?

21. Websites Victim Support, SWD (www.info.gov.hk/swd/vs) E-resources, HKCSS (www.hkcss.org.hk/fs/er) Minnesota Program Development Inc. (www.duluth-model.org) Praxis International (www.praxisinternatinal.org) Minnesota Center Against Violence & Abuse (www.mincava.umn.edu/). The Battered Women's Justice Project (www.bwjp.org) Websites