1. Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21

2. Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century Crisis

3. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises
European wars 1600s, 1700s
Dutch v Spanish/Portuguese
In America and Asia
British v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700s
Seven Years War ( )
Money issues
Where will it come from?
7 yrs war- british v. france over canada and land west of mississippi; and in India; where- colonies because of the enlightenment in europe ?d war

4. The Enlightenment and the Old Order
Apply Scientific Revolution to _____.
John Locke
Reasonable people
Natural rights
Limited government
If government fails then…….
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Minimum control
Subordinate to community
Hatred for all forms of political and economic oppression
Human society;

5. Patronized Enlightenment
Atheists and radicals
Voltaire
Monarchy
Patronized Enlightenment
Catherine the Great of Russia
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Women were instrumental
Enlightenment was popular to the ____
America
Benjamin Franklin
These leaders reformed gov, legal systems, tax, and economy; but they suppressed or banned radical ideas that promoted republicanism or attacked religion;---opening salons for discussion; middle class; uncorrupted with potential of social progress; ben frankling prooved that merit could thrive as opposed to inherited privilege as in Europe;

6. Folk Cultures and Popular Protest
Most Europeans did not..
Protests in Europe
Taxes
Revolution and Riches
Share ideas of the enlightenment; not revolutionary change but to restore custom

7. The American Revolution, 1775-1800

8. Frontiers and Taxes After 1763 England had two problems: New Taxes
Amerindian raids in PA and VA
Proclamation of 1763-
Quebec Act of 1774
New Taxes
Stamp Act
Townshend Act
Boycotts
Protests
“Sons of Liberty”
Danger of war with Amerindians (west) and raising taxes; took a year to stop raids; prohibited settlement west of the appalachian mountians; quebec probhitetd settlement in Ohio region;

9. East Indian Company’s monopoly on ___ Boston Tea Party
“Boston Massacre” 1770
East Indian Company’s monopoly on ___
Tea Tax
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts 1. 2.
Boston harbor shut down, martiaal law; 10,000 pounds

10. The Course of Revolution 1775-1783
Continental Congress
Currency and army
G. Washington
Rhetoric of independence
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
Patriots and Loyalists
Slaves
Amerindians

11. Allies
France in 1778
War ends in 1778 with victory in Yorktown, VA with Washington’s defeat of General Cornwallis
Treaty of Paris 1783
navy

12. The Construction of Republican Institutions, to 1800
Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Convention 1787
Minority vote

13. The French Revolution

14. The French Society and Fiscal Crisis
French society was divided into 3 groups:
First, Second,
and Third Estate
Bourgeoisie
Peasants, merchants, artisans
Taxes led to ____
Clergy, hereditary nobility, etc. first two controlled the wealth; suffering from economic depression; revolution

15. Protests Turns to Revolution, 1789-1792
Meeting of Estates General
New taxes
National Assembly
Popular sovereignty
King called for the arrest
of the National Assembly;
As it set forth its position in
the Declaration of the Rights of Man
Called for by members of the first and third estate; marqis de lafayette

16. Parisian market women marched on Versailles and captured the king and his family.
The National Assembly passed a new _____ that limited the power of the monarchy and restructured French politics and society.
When Austria and Prussia threatened to intervene, the National Assembly declared war in 1791.
constitution

17. The Terror, 1793-1794 National Convention Maximillien Robespierre
Jacobins
“Mountain” faction
Maximillien Robespierre
Actions against clergy approved
Reign of Terror
Ended in 1794 with his arrest and execution
Louis 16th was executed by the new radical government; 40,000 beheaded

18. Reaction and Dictatorship
The Directory
What signaled the end of the republican phase of the revolution?
Popular authoritarianism was confirmed with the reign of _________ in 1799.
More conservative executive authority; suspension of election results of 1797; napolean

19. Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814
Napoleon's reform
Concordat of 1801
Civil Code of 1804
Emperor
Restriction
Women
Speech
Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814
Concord- protection of personal property rights, reduction of church authority; no privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and gov. merit; he was defeated by Russia, Spain, Portuguese, and England- costly war

20. Revolution Spreads, Conservatives Respond, 1789-1850

21. The Haitian Revolution
Saint Dominque
Rich and brutal
Instability in France led to..
Slave Rebellion in 1794
Francois Dominique
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Independence 1804
Economy
Instability in colonies;

22. The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment, 1815-1820
Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria met in Vienna.
Goal:
Result:
“Holy Alliance”
Repress liberal and
nationalist ideas
Spain and Italy
Goal- restore peace and conservative order in Europe; restored French monarchy, redrew French borders, Holy Alliance- Austria, Russia, and Prussia goal to repress liberal and nationalist ideas; defeated revolutions there in 1820

23. Nationalism, Reform, and Revolution 1821-1850
Popular support for national _________ and ________ reform grew throughout Europe.
Greece
France
Democratic reform movements
U.S- War of 1812
Britain- Corn Laws
Self determination/democratic; greece indepence from ottoman in 1830, France forced monarchy to accept constitutional rule and to extend voting privilages; corn laws led to 50% increase in voting; corn law increased taxes on foreign corn

24. Revolutions in 1848 France Other revolutions in Europe failed
Monarchy overthrown and replaced
Other revolutions in Europe failed
Monarchy