1. Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration
Definition: the creation of energy in the form of ATP from organic (usually glucose) molecules Simplified, cellular respiration is C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + 36 ATP (eukaryotic cells) ΔG = kJ per mole of C6H12O6

3. Steps in Cellular Respiration
Three steps make up the process of cellular respiration:
Glycolysis, which occurs in the cytosol
Kreb’s Cycle (or citric acid cycle) in the mitochondria
Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron transport chain), also in the mitochondria

4. Glycolysis Animation What you need to know:
Occurs in the Cytosol (cytoplasm)
Breaks up glucose into pyruvate
Yields 2 ATP molecules
This would be fermentation
(anaerobic respiration)
5. Forms NADH to move to next step

5. Kreb’s (or citric acid) Cycle
Animation
What you need to know:
Occurs in the mitochondria
CoEnzyme A facilitates
beginning of this cycle
3. Releases CO2
Yields 2 ATP Molecules
Yields NADH and FADH2
5. Breaking and formation of bonds releases energy

6. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Animation
What you need to know:
Occurs in the cristae of the
mitochondria
NADH carries the electrons
to start the chain, NAD+ goes
back to the citric acid cycle
ATP Synthase transports H+ to
form ATP from ADP
Releases H2O
Yields 34 ATP Molecules

7. How to get Energy?????
Anaerobic Respiration: when only glycolysis phase is completed and 2 ATP are released. This will happen when there is a lack of oxygen (process of making alcohol)
Aerobic Respiration: complete respiration in the presence of oxygen, yielding 36 ATP (some of the energy is used in the cycle) in eukaryotic cells and 38 ATP in prokaryotic cells
(Bonus: Why is that??????)

8. Fermentation in Yeast
Yeast, yes the stuff used in bread to make it rise, often undergoes fermentation reactions. How can you design an experiment to see if the amount of sugar will effect the rate of anaerobic respiration? Observe the materials in front of you and think about the products of cellular respiration to help you do this. You will need to create a graph that represents your data, but collect data as a class! You may use excel to create your graph in the formal write up this time.