1. America in a World at War AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Spring 2009

2. The Pacific Theater Containing the Japanese Japanese take Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Singapore, Dutch East Indies Midway Island (June 1942) Guadalcanal (August 1942)

4. Eastern Front Germans attack Soviet Union Russians hold off Germans at Stalingrad (1942-43) Both sides suffer enormous losses

6. Holding off the Germans Marshall wants French invasion in 43 British offensive against Germans Germans retreat at El Alamein Erwin Rommel Anglo-American force lands at Algiers and Casablanca Defeated at Kasserine Pass Gen. Patton leads counteroffensive With Gen. Bernard Montgomery Germans driven from North Africa (May 1943)

9. America and the Holocaust Resistance to calls for Allied effort to end killing or rescue Jews St. Louis turned away in 1939 Immigration quotas go unused Calls for bombing death camps or rail lines Rejected in favor of winning the war

11. Prosperity in War War ended the depression Capital projects in the west Henry Kaiser Unions reap gains No-strike pledge 15,000 work stoppages United Mine Workers strike (May 1943) Smith-Connally Act (War Labor Disputes Act) 30-day waiting period before strike Govt. could seize war plants Price controls Office of Price Administration (OPA) Leon Henderson, then Chester Bowles

12. Mobilizing Production War Production Board (WPB) Weaker than WWIs War Industries Board Complaints from small businesses Moved to White House War economy met almost all nations war needs New synthetic rubber industry Producing more than needed Twice the output of Axis powers combined

13. Science and Technology Mass production applied to defense industry Quickly surpass Germans and Japanese Radar and sonar Four-engine bombers (B17F) Gee navigation systems Ultra Magic Atom bomb

14. African Americans and the War Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) Established to prevent march led by Sleeping Car Porters Union Investigate discrimination Migration to northern cities Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)-1942 Segregated military units 700,000 serving at end of war Slow change

16. Native Americans and the War 25,000 in military Code-talkers Many had contact with whites for first time Few opportunities after war Many returned to reservation, but others stayed away

18. Mexican Americans and the War Increased employment opportunities Bracero program Factories Migration to cities 300,000 served in military Zoot-suit riots

20. Women and the war Increase in employment Industrial work force Rosie the Riveter Union membership rose Most in service-sector Washington D.C. bureaucracy Military WACs, WAVEs Clerical, nursing Separation Quick marriages Beginning of the baby boom Limited child care latchkey children, eight-hour orphans Rise in juvenile crime Many teenagers worked

22. Wartime Life and Culture Economic good times Movies Hollywood goes to war Newsreels Radios Fighting for the American way of life Pinup girls USOs Dancing Major disruptions for high schools and colleges Universities become officer training camps

26. Internment of Japanese Americans Issei and Nisei Stories of Japanese sabotage and conspiracy in Hawaii Sec. of Navy Frank Knox the most effective fifth column work of the entire war Belief in conspiracy on west coast Gov. Earl Warren Gen John L. DeWitt Executive Order No. 9066 intern Japanese and Japanese Americans Relocation centers Korematsu v. U.S. Constitutionally permissible Compensated in 1988

28. Retreat from Reform Dismantling the New Deal Republican gains in Congress Supporter for war policies CCC and WPA 1944 Election Domestic economic issues Presidents health Roosevelt for a fourth term Republicans-Thomas Dewey

29. The Defeat of the Axis

30. Invasion of Italy Casablanca conference-Roosevelt and Churchill Allied plan to invade Sicily Knock Italy out of war Tie up German diviisons Sicily invaded (July 1943) Anzio landing (Jan. 1944) Mussolini government falls Rome captured (June 4, 1944)

33. The Liberation of France Strategic bombing Leipzig, Dresden, Berlin Weakening the Luftwaffe Acquisition of Ultra machine D-Day (June 6, 1944) Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower Normandy invasion Dislodge Germans from coast in a week Paris liberated Battle of the Bulge Germany defeated V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

38. The Pacific Offensive Japanese force Americans from Burma (1942) The Burma Road opens (1944) Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 1944) Largest naval engagement in history Iwo Jima (Feb. 1945) Okinawa (June 1945) Firebombing of Tokyo (March 1945) Bitter fighting expected Japanese military leaders want to keep up fight

43. The Manhattan Project Discovery of uraniums radioactivity Enrico Fermi (1930s) News of German experiments (1939) Controlled fission chain reaction (1942) Fermi Army takes over project J. Robert Oppenheimer Los Alamos, NM The Trinity Bomb (July 16, 1945)

46. Atomic Warfare Harry S. Truman issues ultimatum to Japan from Potsdam demanding surrender by August 3 Military leaders cannot be persuaded Hiroshima bombing (August 6, 1945) The Enola Gay 80,000 dead Nagasaki (August 9 th ) 100,000 deaths Japan surrenders (September 2, 1945)

50. US Sacrifices and Outcomes Light, but costly 322,000 dead 800,000 injured Uncertain future Antagonism bet. US and Soviet Union

51. America in a World at War AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Spring 2009