1. Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II
The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/6/2017
Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Section 2: The Home Front
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Section 4: Victory in Asia
CHAPTER 18--AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

2. Objectives: Section 1: Early Difficulties
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?
What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?
Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?
What were the early turning points of the war in the Pacific?
What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in 1942?

3. Allied Powers Section 1: Early Difficulties
Production capacity of U.S. and manpower of Soviet Union were advantages.
Disadvantages included the enormous amount of land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of the war, and the long fight that had to be faced.

4. Axis Powers Section 1: Early Difficulties
Axis was better prepared economically and had been rearmed since the 1930s.
Axis had firm control over invaded areas and already had airfields, barracks, and military training centers.
Axis powers’ main difficulty was defending multiple fronts.

5. U.S. preparations for war
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war
increased production
expanded the government
began to direct the economy
began to raise the army

6. Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
Clark Airforce Base in the Philippines
Burma
Borneo
the Netherlands East Indies
Wake Island
Hong Kong

7. Early turning points of war in Pacific
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Early turning points of war in Pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Guadalcanal

8. Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Stalingrad

9. Objectives: Section 2: The Home Front
How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime morale high?
What was life like in the United States during World War II?
How did women contribute to the war effort?
What actions did the government take to protect the rights of minority groups?
How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?

10. Keeping wartime morale high
Section 2: The Home Front
Keeping wartime morale high
Office of War Information
radio programs
movies

11. Life in the U.S. during WWII
Section 2: The Home Front
Life in the U.S. during WWII
long work hours and many sacrifices
restrictions
blackouts
air-raid drills
victory gardens

12. Contributions of women
Section 2: The Home Front
Contributions of women
entered job market to replace soldiers
worked in plants
produced war products

13. Government actions to protect minority rights
Section 2: The Home Front
Government actions to protect minority rights
Fair Employment Practices Committee
attempts to end discrimination in businesses with federal contracts

14. Effects on Japanese Americans
Section 2: The Home Front
Effects on Japanese Americans
Many were relocated and interned.
Interned people lost their property.
Hawaiian islands put under martial law because Japanese population was too large to relocate.
Some Japanese received limited military service opportunities.

15. Objectives: Section 3: Victory in Europe
Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?
How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air influence the land war in Europe?
How did the Allies successfully carry out the Normandy invasion?
What was the Holocaust?
How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?

16. Allied offensive in Europe
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Allied offensive in Europe
The Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily and Italy.

17. Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the air on the land war
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the air on the land war
Sea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo ships and bomb Axis vessels.
Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy German military factories and centers.

18. The Normandy Invasion Section 3: Victory in Europe
invasion of German-occupied France
disinformation campaign to distract Germans
dummy invasion used as a decoy
initial storming of beach caused high casualties
ultimately successful

19. The Holocaust Section 3: Victory in Europe
The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s slaughter of European Jews. The Germans took advantage of long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction to do it.

20. Final defeat of Germany
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Final defeat of Germany
September, 1944: Battle of the Bulge
February, 1945: Yalta Conference
early 1945: Allies bomb Germany
March, 1945: Allies invade Germany
April, 1945: Hitler commits suicide
May, 1945: Germany surrenders

21. Objectives: Section 4: Victory in Asia
How did the United States carry out its island-hopping plan?
How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa affect the war?
What led the United States to use atomic weapons against Japan?
What were the human and economic costs of World War II?

22. Island-hopping Section 4: Victory in Asia
conquered strategically important islands
cut off other islands
some islands chosen as launching pads for invasion of Japan

23. Iwo Jima and Okinawa Section 4: Victory in Asia
These two battles were incredibly difficult and bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting demonstrated that the Japanese would not surrender.

24. Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
enormous cost of an invasion
continued Japanese resistance
desire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet Union

25. Costs of World War II Section 4: Victory in Asia
killed millions of people and wounded many more
resulted in the Holocaust
destroyed economies of many nations
ruined countless cities
destroyed national infrastructures