1. Gunpowder Empires & the Age of Exploration

2. Renaissance Europe
Population decrease resulting from the plague actually gives peasants more bargaining power- feudalism begins to decline
Italy: Many different city-states, often in conflict
Humanism
Art

3. Slavery is controlled by some kings (Benin) but control is lost in others (Kongo)
Shift in global balance of power

4. Global Effects of Maritime Exploration
Biological exchange- Populations decrease due to disease, grow with introduction of new crops
Slavery
Economic benefits and disadvantages for Africans, Amerindians, and SE Asians
Increased wealth for Europe
Lays groundwork for European colonization and global domination

5. Transformation of Europe
Protestant Reformation -1519
Differences include marital status, works v. faith, simple v. ornate rituals, languages, monasteries, priestly authority
Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia
Absolutism
Lots of poverty after 1530’s
American crops improve diet
Healthier people = fewer disease-related deaths
Urbanization and growth of industry in European cities
Early days of mercantilism

6. Americas Spain takes S. America, France and Britain in N. America
Spain uses mit’a and encomienda systems to exploit the labor of the native people
Silver floods the global market
God, gold & glory -> Sugar, silver & slaves
Religion is the primary agent of cultural transfer
In N. America, less cultural transfer- fur, tobacco, fish

7. Ottoman Empire 1300-1922 CE 1453-Siege of Constantinople
Centralized authority- bureaucracy
Tolerant of other religions
Janissaries
Very powerful army and navy
Encouraged the immigration of Jews
Economic and military downturn in the late 16th/17th centuries

9. Mughal Empire 1526-1761 Major destination for overseas traders
Babur & Akbar
Major destination for overseas traders
Cotton goods
Manufactured products
Spices
Europe is very interested in the Islamic Empires (many missionaries and diplomats are sent to investigate), but not vice-versa
Power shifts away from land based empires even more, and toward naval powers
Defeated an army of 100,000 with an army of 12,000
Superior guns and mobility
Frightened the elephants too!
Wrote a history of india, womnderful gardens
AKBAR- abolishes jizya- head tax- levied previously on Hindus
Marries a rajput (northern hindu)
Capital at fatehpur sikri
No sati, let women come out of their houses on market days, improved calendar, took care of the poor, regulated consumption of alcohol, encouraged widow remarriage

10. Qing 1630s- famine and rebellion “Pure” Manchus
Very rapid population growth
Agriculture became far more productive as new crops were introduced from the Americas
Global trade exploded
Extremely patriarchal family structure- filial piety

11. NEO-CONFUCIANISM
The three teachings
are one!

12. Japan Kept close control over the Daimyo
Tokugawa Shogunate
Kept close control over the Daimyo
Alternate year attendance policies
Led to the impoverishment/restriction of nobility
FROM CHINA:
Confucian social hierarchy- filial piety and loyalty and obedience to elders/superiors
Warriors turned into scholars, administrators
Merchants at the bottom even though their activities stimulated the economy
Education
Buddhism

13. Interactions with Europe
Trade
Introduce technology (guns)
Tightly controlled relationship, however
Japanese could not go abroad or they would be executed
No large ships
No import of foreign books
Almost all Asian trade, SOME trade with the Dutch