1. Poverty in America

2. Poverty Poverty is the condition of people who lack adequate income and wealth. Absolute vs. Relative Poverty Absolute poverty is the absence of enough money to secure life’s necessities – enough food and a safe place to live. Relative poverty comparing the economic conditions of those at the bottom of society and the rest of society. According to this measure, the definition of poverty can vary. For example it would not be the same in India as the U.S.

3. More than Numbers Health: stress, frustration = high blood pressure, ulcers, hostility, and crime.Health: stress, frustration = high blood pressure, ulcers, hostility, and crime. –Poor are 3x as likely to die as children –Black & Latino children are 2x as likely to die before the age of one. –Long term health of adults –Homicide is the #1 cause of death among black males 15-24 Education: less informed, less likely to vote, 1:4 dropouts = poorEducation: less informed, less likely to vote, 1:4 dropouts = poor OpportunitiesOpportunities

4. Who is Poor? WomenWomen –70% of Americans in poverty are women –55% of these women are Caucasian / 33% are African American WorkersWorkers –50% of poor people work FULL time (consider elderly) –1 in 5 jobs earn 25% the poverty line Children in PovertyChildren in Poverty –20% of America’s children –46% of African American children –40% of Latino children –17% of Caucasian children Minorities: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3IW3PhBgjsMinorities: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3IW3PhBgjs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3IW3PhBgjs The ElderlyThe Elderly –14% of people over 65 are in poverty (28% of A.A. / 21% of Latinos) The SouthThe South

5. Poverty is unevenly distributed in the U.S. Where people live, their race –ethnicity, their sex, their age, and their marital status all effect their chances of being poor.Where people live, their race –ethnicity, their sex, their age, and their marital status all effect their chances of being poor. The states with the highest level of poverty tend to be in the South and SouthwestThe states with the highest level of poverty tend to be in the South and Southwest The poverty rate in rural areas of the U.S. is higher than the national average.The poverty rate in rural areas of the U.S. is higher than the national average. Compared to urban Americans, the rural poor are less skilled and less educated. Jobs pay less than similar jobs in urban areas.Compared to urban Americans, the rural poor are less skilled and less educated. Jobs pay less than similar jobs in urban areas. “Feminization of Poverty”: divorce, births to single women, and the lower wages paid to women.“Feminization of Poverty”: divorce, births to single women, and the lower wages paid to women.

6. Figure 10.6 Poverty in the United States by Age and Race-Ethnicity Source: Statistical Abstract 2002: Tables 668, 671, 673. Note: The poverty line on which this figure is based is $18, 194 for a family of four.

7. Who is Not Poor? Among major industrialized nations, the U.S. is the leader in the gap between the wealthiest 20% and the poorest 20%.Among major industrialized nations, the U.S. is the leader in the gap between the wealthiest 20% and the poorest 20%. The top 5% owns 50% of nations wealthThe top 5% owns 50% of nations wealth 198910% = 61% of nation’s wealth198910% = 61% of nation’s wealth 1994 10% = 67% of nation’s wealth1994 10% = 67% of nation’s wealth 199910% = 72% of nation’s wealth199910% = 72% of nation’s wealth Black families make 45% of White Families’ income on average.Black families make 45% of White Families’ income on average.

8. Figure 10.2 Inequality of U.S. Income Bill Gates is the wealthiest person in the world. His fortune runs between $ 50 billion and $100 billion, depending on the value of stock. Home in Seattle appraised at $110 million Gates has given more to poor and minorities than any individual in history http://www.census.gov/dataviz/vis ualizations/019/ http://thesocietypages.org/socima ges/page/2/

10. Why are people poor? Human Capital Theory- Lack of education, job training, job skills or language proficiency.Human Capital Theory- Lack of education, job training, job skills or language proficiency. Racism, Discrimination and SegregationRacism, Discrimination and Segregation Family Type – absence of 2 parent familiesFamily Type – absence of 2 parent families Culture- assumes there are cultures that value education, self improvement and motivation more than others.Culture- assumes there are cultures that value education, self improvement and motivation more than others. Lack of Employment Opportunities and Low WagesLack of Employment Opportunities and Low Wages Lack of Political PowerLack of Political Power

11. Figure 10.8 Who Ends Up Poor? Poverty by Education and Race-Ethnicity Source: Statistical Abstract 2002: Table 675.

12. Where Does the Public Stand on the Matter? The majority feel that something needs to be doneThe majority feel that something needs to be done The majority lacks faith in government to do itThe majority lacks faith in government to do it People tend to support work programs (as opposed to direct aid)People tend to support work programs (as opposed to direct aid) The majority of Americans support raising the minimum wage.The majority of Americans support raising the minimum wage. The majority support a tax hike on the wealthyThe majority support a tax hike on the wealthy

13. javascript:window.location.reload(true)javascript:window.location.reload(true)

14. Figure 10.7 Patterns of Poverty Source: Statistical Abstract 2002: Table 673. Note: Poverty varies tremendously from one state to another. In the extreme, poverty is almost three times as common in New Mexico (19.3%) than it is in Maryland (7.3%).

15. WT Journal # 4 After reading Why Poverty Persists in Appalachia, discuss Cynthia Duncan’s belief on why poverty persists. What actions can be done to help the poor in the Appalachian Region? Explain and provide examples.After reading Why Poverty Persists in Appalachia, discuss Cynthia Duncan’s belief on why poverty persists. What actions can be done to help the poor in the Appalachian Region? Explain and provide examples.