1. Rels 205 Lecture 3.1 Religious Traditions

2. Lecture Outline for Part One of Rels 205.01 Week 1 Lecture 1 What is “Religion”? Lecture 2 Studying “Religion” Week 2 Lecture 1 Ritual and the Study of Religion Lecture 2 Religious and Secular Traditions Week 3 Lecture 1 Religious Traditions Lecture 2 Institutions Week 4 Lecture 1 The Meaning of Myth Lecture 2 Sacred Sentiments Week 5 Lecture 1 Changing Worldviews Lecture 2 Review Week 6 Reading Week Week 7 Lecture 1 First in class test

3. Identified with a Tradition

4. Tradition “Tradition: that which is handed down or passed on from the past as distinct from modern ideas and theories.”

5. Great and Little Traditions Robert Redfield (1897-1958) Little traditions Experiential Oral Great traditions Intellectual Written

6. Great and Little Traditions II Great tradition Catholicism Little tradition African religion

7. Christianity 520,000,000 Islam 205,000,000 Hinduism 210,000,000 Buddhism 50,000,000 African 157,000,000 Sikhism 10,000,000 Judaism 10,000,000 Confucian 240,000,000 World Religions 1905

8. Christianity 2.1 billion Buddhism 374,000,000 Chinese religions 394,000,000 Christianity 2.1 billion Islam 1.2 billion Sikhs 23,000,000 Jews 14,000,000 Mormons 10,000,000 African 100,000,000 World Religions 2005 Hinduism 9.000,000

9. Major Religious Traditions Primal Traditions Yogic Traditions Abramic Traditions

10. Primal Experiences Primal experiences are fundamental spiritual experiences that shape our sense of the sacred

11. Ancestral Religions Ancestral religions are religions that are directly based on primal experiences involving things like the ancestors and healing.

12. Primal Experiences and Ancestral Traditions Primal Experiences Dreams Visions Prophecies Healings Revelations Miracles Voices Ghosts Primal Traditions African Religions Confucianism Native American Traditions Shamanism New Religions Revitalization Movements

13. Yogic Religions Yogic religions are spiritual traditions based on the practice of one of the many forms of yoga. Yogic doctrines include: karma, the wheel of existence, and some form of transmigration or reincarnation.

14. Yoga In the West yoga is associated with physical exercises and particular postures used in meditation. Actually yoga is a Sanskrit term meaning “to yoke” and is used to describe various processes of spiritual discipline or harnessing of physical and mental powers to attain self-control and ultimate enlightenment.

15. Yogic Traditions Jain Traditions Hindu Traditions Buddhist Traditions Early Indian religions and Indus valley culture.

16. Major Yogic Traditions

17. Hindu Traditions Early Hindu religion Religions of devotion Bhakti Philosophical Schools Indus valley religion Hara Krishna etc. Vedanta etc..

18. The Hindu Tradition

19. Buddhist Tradition Early Buddhism Mahayana Hinayana Pure LandZen Nicheren

20. Buddhism

21. Abramic Religions Abramic religions trace their ancestry to the patriarch Abraham. The major religions in this grouping are Christianity, Islam and Judaism.

22. Major Abramic Traditions Hebrew Religion Christianity Islam Judaism

23. Abramic Religious Tradition Christianity TRANSITIONTRANSITION Hebrew Religion Judaism African and other Judaisms 70-25070-250 70 + CE Islam BC70-250AD 250-700AD1785 Modernity

24. Jewish Religious Traditions Talmudic Judaism TRANSITIONTRANSITION Hebrew Religion Classical Judaism Reformed Orthodox Hasidic Ethnic African and other Judaisms 70-25070-250 ZIONISMZIONISM C19 - Present BC 70-25 250-900 900-1700 CE 1700-Present AD

25. Judaism

26. The Christian Tradition EARLYCHURCHEARLYCHURCH Coptic, Syriac, Indian, and other smaller traditions Eastern Orthodoxy – Greek, Russian, etc. Roman Catholicism Protestantism Charismatic Movement 1520 1965 Nestorians etc. African and other Christian Movements 0-400 1500 1965 AD

27. Christian Fundamentalism

28. Mainline Churches

29. Eastern Orthodoxies

30. The Islamic Tradition Early Islam Muhammad (571-632) Sunni Islam – Egypt, Turkey Shiite Islam – Iran -Khomeni Qarmatins - Tunisia Egypt Wahhabis Saudi Arabia Ahamadiya India Ismaili Shia Islam () Aga Kahn Druzes 10 th C Lebanon Israel Kharijtes - Yemen and Oman BM 571-632 700- 765 900 1750 1889 1967 AD

31. Islam

32. The Yogic-Islamic Traditions Yogic Religions Islamic Traditions Bahai (1844) Iran Sikhism (1500) Punjab, India Subud (1933) Java

33. The Canadian Situation

34. Canadian Religious Affiliation 1881-2001 P = Population C = Western Christian N = Nones ? E = Eastern Christian Y = Yogic: Buddhist+Hindu+Sikh M = Islam Blue = 1991; Brown = 1981; Green = 1881

35. CND Religious Affiliation as % of Population 1991 &1891

36. Eastern Christian-Muslim Affiliation 1991 Red = Eastern Christian Green = Muslim

37. Millennialism Millennium = 1,000 years Revelation 20, n.b. vs. 2

38. Millennialism defined Any religious movement that hopes for salvation that is: (a)collective, to be enjoyed by all the faithful as a group; (b) terrestrial, to be realized on this earth; (c) imminent, to come soon and suddenly; (d) total, to transform life on earth completely; (e) miraculous, to be brought about by, or with the help of, supernatural agencies.

39. A New Heaven and a New Earth

40. Paradise on Earth Revelation 21:1-4

41. Restoration

42. Millennial Movements Christian – “End of the world is nigh” Buddhist – Maitraya Islamic – Madhi

43. Millennial Types Post-millennialism A-millennialism Pre-millennialism

44. Traditional Eschatology Post-Millenialism Eschatology = study of the last things Post-Millenialism = Christ returns after the millennium

45. Key Post- Millennial Ideas 1) Preach gospel of the Kingdom of God 2) Establish the Kingdom 3) World is getting better 4) Christ returns at the end of time 5) The Church is the new Israel

46. A- Millennialism

47. Key A-Millennial Ideas 1)All doctrines must be based on clear Biblical statements. 2) The Bible uses many different forms of language e.g. poetic, historical, prophetic, prose, etc. 3) The Bible teaches Christ will return. 4) The Bible teaches Christians to live in the expectation of Christ’s return. 5) There are no clear teachings about when Christ will return or how this is going to take place.

48. Pre-Millennialism Pre-Millennial = Christ returns before the Millennium

49. Key Pre-Millennial Ideas 1) Preach the gospel of salvation 2) Save souls 3) World is getting worse 4) Christ’s return is imminent 5) The State of Israel fulfils Biblical prophecy

50. Pre-millennialism - Origins John Nelson Darby’s (1800-1882) Plymouth Brethren

51. Dispensationalism

52. Judge C. I. Schofield (1843-1921) Schofield Reference Bible (1909) Dispensationalism

53. Schofield’s Scheme

54. Christian Zionism by Don Lewis and