1. VA/US SOL Review of Unit 1: SOLs 2- 3
Exploration & Colonization

2. European Exploration & Colonization
Resulted in a redistribution of the world population (voluntarily & involuntarily)

3. Exploration & Colonization…
Initiated worldwide commercial expansion due to Columbian Exchange of agricultural products.
Colonization also led to new ideas about representative government & religious tolerance.

4. Columbian Exchange

5. America Already populated by Native Americans (Indians)
Seen as “Savages” by
Europeans

6. Exploration & Colonization
Exploration & settlement of the English in America & the Spanish in the Caribbean, Central & South America, often led to violent conflicts with the Indians.
Yet, French exploration in Canada didn’t.
Why not?
Indians lost traditional territories & died from diseases.

7. Different Colonies New England Southern Colonies Middle Colonies
Use of town meetings (like Athens) as a form of direct democracy
Maintained stronger ties w/ England, but had representative colonial legislatures
Incorporated a number of democratic principles that were similar to Englishmen

8. Slavery/ Indentured Servitude
The first Africans were brought against their will in 1619.
The African slave trade resulted from labor shortages.
Slaves were brought over on the Middle Passage
Some indentured servants had worked before slaves. Not many more came after slavery became prominent.
Slavery eventually led to the Civil War.

9. 13 Original Colonies
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern
Colonies

10. New England Colonies
Mainly settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom
Also settled by Pilgrims
Sought economic opportunities
Direct-democracy (town meetings)
Covenant Community
God-like
Mayflower Compact & Puritan religious beliefs
Intolerant of Non-Puritans

11. New England Colonies… Economy Society
Shipbuilding, Fishing, Lumbering, Subsistence farming & (eventually) manufacturing
Valued hard work & thrift
Society
Family centered
Religious Standing
Intolerant of dissenters

12. New England Colonies… Society… Politics Intolerant Church leaders
Rhode Island: Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
Politics
Church leaders
Mix Church & State
Male-dominated
Town Meetings

13. Middle Colonies
Settled mainly by English, Dutch & German-speaking immigrants
NY used to be New Netherlands
Wanted religious freedom & economic opportunity
Most diverse population

14. Middle Colonies… Economy Society
Shipbuilding, Small-scale farming & Trading
Skilled artisans
NYC & Philly became commercial centers
Society
Home to multiple religious groups who believed in religious tolerance
Quakers (PA), Huguenots & Jews (NY), Catholics (MD), Presbyterians (NJ)
Flexible social structures
Middle-class of artisans, entrepreneurs & farmers

15. Middle Colonies… Political
Incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen
Did not mix Church & State/ Tolerant of other religions

16. Southern Colonies
Mainly settled by the English Cavaliers & poorer English & Scots-Irish
Cavaliers = English nobility who received large land grants in eastern VA from the King
Indentured Servants, Debtors, Prisoners
African slaves
Wanted economic opportunities
Jamestown was a business venture established by the VA Company of London

17. Jamestown
1st Permanent English Settlement, established by the VA Company of London in 1607
In the middle of Powhatan Nation
1st settlers were mainly Gentlemen
“Don’t Work = Don’t Eat!” was John Smith’s rule
Headright System
“Starving Time” due
to weather
John Rolfe planted
tobacco & married
Pocahontas

18. Southern Colonies… Economy Society
Large plantations in the coastal lowlands grew “cash crops:” Indigo, Rice, Tobacco
Western foothills & mountains they had small-scale subsistence farming, hunting & trading
Society
Based on family status & ownership of land
Large landowners dominated colonial government
Closer ties to England & the Church of England than other colonies
Western VA had a lot of Scots-Irish & English men

19. Southern Colonies… Political Maintained stronger ties with Britain
Large landowners dominated colonial legislatures
VA House of Burgesses
1st Elected Legislature in the New World
Representative Democracy
Today it’s known as the VA General Assembly

20. Indentured Servitude & Slavery
Indentured Servant = Someone who works for 4-7 years in exchange for passage over to the New World.
Headright system = promise of land
Growth of southern plantation-economy required cheap labor in large numbers. Originally met by indentured servants.

21. Indentured Servitude & Slavery…
Most tobacco plantation needs eventually were filled by importation of Africans.
Some were indentured servants & free
Middle Passage
Slave Codes = laws that limited what slaves could do
Development of slavery-based economy eventually led to Civil War.

22. Question Time!!!
Show me what you know

23. Establishment of Early American Colonies Roanoke
Establishment of Early American Colonies Roanoke Massachusetts / / / / St. Augustine Jamestown
Which date on this timeline represents the beginning of a permanent British presence in North America?
1565
1587
1607
1620

24. 2. Which colony was established as a business venture? A. Connecticut B. Massachusetts C. Georgia D. Virginia

25. 3. The initial French exploration of North America resulted in --- A
3. The initial French exploration of North America resulted in --- A. economic colonies in Florida B. competition with Spanish settlers C. plantations using slave labor D. cooperation with native groups

26. 4. The Treaty of Alliance of 1778 was signed by the United States and ---- A. Spain B. Portugal C. Russia D. France

27. 5. Which factor contributed to colonial victory in the American Revolution? A. Shortages of British troops B. Disloyalty of British generals C. Lack of British popular support D. Weakness of the British Navy

28. 6. The land area located between 800W & 900W and 250N
& 300N represents the acquisition of ---
Land won through the French & Indian War
Territories according to the Northwest Ordinance
Land as a result of the Revolutionary War
Florida through a treaty with Spain

29. Multicultural integration Representative government
7. The town meetings held by colonists in buildings such as this one were important because they demonstrated a form of ---
Religious toleration
Direct democracy
Multicultural integration
Representative government
Old South Meeting House, Boston

30. 8. The different types of economies found in the original colonies were primarily a reflection of the ---
Nationalities of the settlers
Geography of the areas
Provisions of the charters
Religion of the settlers

31. 9. How did the Great Awakening most influence the American Revolutionary movement?
It supported the practice of slave labor
It established official state religions
It challenged the established government order
It discouraged trade with foreign countries