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Published byMya Hollifield Modified over 10 years ago
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ORGANIC Peptic ulcer Reflux Cholelithiasis Pancreatic Malignancy Musculoskeletal Drugs, medication and rarities ischaemic metabolic
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Functional Sensory motor dysfunction H pylori Gastritis (peptic ulcer Psychosocial factors Idiopathic
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History Examination Overall assessment –likelihood of disease - needs for reassurance Trial of PPI and reassessment
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Red flag symptoms: Dysphagia Vomiting Increasing Age Bleeding New onset of symptoms Anaemia Looks ill Drs ‘gut’ feeling
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Disease more common in men versus women Men Short history Age over 55 years Irregular attributes Women Long history Young Nausea ++ Stressed Frequent attendees
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No red flag Age under 55 or Previously investigated with negative results Screen for Helicobacter Empirical treatment (PPIs) Consider other avenues Resist but don’t exclude Endoscopy
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Guidelines Dyspepsia Clinical evaluation – History physical examination Age over 55 years or red flag symptoms or Patient has strong fear of organic disease Endoscopy
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HELICOBACTER To test or not to test prior to referral Screening – serology faecal testing breath testing Endoscopy (including cultures) Treatment benefits – symptoms cancer preventative
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Reasons for not doing Endoscopy in low risk patients: 1.Price 2.Low yield 3.Pressure from PCT
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Reasons for doing Endoscopy in low risk patients: 1.Reassurance (including medico-legal) 2.Fewer OPD and prescriptions 3.The risk of disease is never zero 4.Barrett’s oesophagus
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Points: 1.Method of referral: 2.Ultrasound 3.Limit but do not deny Endoscopy in low low risk patient 4.Don’t repeat procedure unless the need 5.Once done modify drug use 6.Concentrate on life style issues
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Guidelines: 1.Never apply to the individual patient 2.When introduced clearly increases referrals
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A plan regarding Choose & Book Price of endoscopy - £485 Price of consultation £195 + £92.97 = £278
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