1. History of Marine Science Part 2
The Vikings and the Chinese

2. The Dark Ages With the collapse of the Roman Empire in 410 AD
The advances of Marine Science through the knowledge of the _______, _______ and ____________ for the most part lost
Marine Science takes a step back
Here it is only the __________ and the __________ making any headway

3. Homework
Read Chapter 2 pages
Study Questions p 2-16 #1-4

4. Vikings..... Norsemen (Vikings) engaged in major voyages
of exploration in the North Atlantic during the
European Dark Ages. Their ______ was perfect
For their Raiding ways

5. The Viking Ship Design
Oseberg ship (above), the best preserved Viking ship ever found, reveals its Norse shipbuilders' graceful construction style.

6. Design through time
More than in burial __________have been recovered by archeologists in ______________
The same practice was followed by other groups such as the Saxons
Vikings buried their important leaders with their ships it allows us to see __________ __________________________________

7. The Saxon Ship Burial
Raedwald, King of East Anglia who ruled from c.599 to 625AD
Anglo-Saxon ship of over 27 meters in length was revealed, containing a central burial chamber
The Sutton Hoo Burial Site

8. Cargo Ships
The _______ or ocean-going cargo vessel, which facilitated far-flung trade networks and the colonization of Iceland, Greenland, and America.

9. Keys to their Longship Design The Fighting ships
The _______, or dragon-headed longships, were stealthy troop-carriers. They could cross the open oceans under sail and then switch to oars for lightning-fast hit-and-run attacks on undefended towns and monasteries

10. The secret of the Viking ship lay in its unique construction.
They then fastened the boards with iron nails to a single sturdy keel and then to each other, one plank overlapping the next. The Vikings gave shape to the hull using this "clinker" technique rather than the more conventional method of first building an inner skeleton for the hull.

11. The Raiding Ships
The ships can carry troops and in the case of the Normans Horses
Because of their stable low draft construction they could ___________
___________________________
Both oar and wind driven. Oars make them very maneuverable and can be used when there is ______________.

12. The Vikings World Tour 985 AD
They reached the coast of North America about 985AD
The Vikings
World Tour 985 AD
Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, colonized Iceland by 700 A.D. and North America by 1000 A.D.

13. This period of the middle age is known as the _____ age because of the loss of intellectual knowledge
Dumb
Dark
Simple
Old

14. In the Dark Ages the two groups who were continuing sea exploration were the
Spanish and English
Chinese and Arabs
Vikings and Ostrogoths
Vikings and Chinese

15. Approximately ______Viking ships have been recovered in burial mounds by Archeologists
1000
4000
400
150

16. Dragon headed Viking Longships used in war were called
Knarr
Drekar
Klipsch
Oden

17. Vikings used_________ to power their ships
Wind (sails) and Oars
Oars Only
Outboard Motors
Sails only

18. Viking ships were able to sail on the open ocean and up rivers due to their
Low Mast
Plank System
Low Draft
Rudder

19. Fastest Responders (in seconds)
9.86
Robert DelRio
10.49
Sonja Gspurnsing
10.92
Sabrina Lopez
12.13
Jessica Nikolla
12.29
Shqiprie Dreshaj

20. Chinese Explorers

21. Chinese Exploration
Often Overlooked the Chinese contribution to exploration is impressive and valuable to this day
Chinese Exploration
On the grand scale of ship building: Marco Polo ( ) talks of 4 mast merchant ships “The Treasure Ships”

22. The Compass
The ____________is an old Chinese invention probably first made in China during the Qin dynasty ( B.C.).
Between 850 and 1050 they seem to have become common as navigational devices on ships.
The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid was _____________ ( )

23. Zheng He
Between 1405 and 1433, the Ming government sponsored a series of seven naval expeditions
All led by Admiral Zheng He
Zheng He's first voyage consisted of a fleet of around 300 ships holding almost 28,000 crewmen
Zheng He's fleets visited Arabia, East Africa, India, Indonesia and Thailand (at the time called Siam)
Treasure Ship

24. Zheng He flag "treasure ship" is four hundred feet long - much larger than Columbus's 85 foot long Santa Maria
In the drawing below, the two flagships are superimposed to give a clear idea of the relative size of these two ships.

25. Other Innovations Chinese ships had ______________
______ which could also be independently flooded to hold fish
These watertight compartments helped prevent ships sinking same technology that the _________ employed
_________ ________ system was also first used in these ships.

26. The Chinese were the first to use the _________ as a navigational tool
Astrolabe
Compass
Sextant
Quadrant

27. Chinese Treasure Ships were _____ feet long40
100 85
400

28. Which was NOT a Chinese sailing innovation
The Compass
The Central Rudder
Watertight Compartments
The Astrolabe

29. The Greatest Early Chinese explorer was
Sun Tzu
Lao Tzu
Mao Tse Tung
Zheng He

30. Fastest Responders (in seconds)
2.96
Robert DelRio
3.41
Sabrina Lopez
3.87
Shqiprie Dreshaj
3.96
Paul Jednak
5.45
John Cacace

31. On to the Age of Exploration
With the End of the Viking Era
Europeans began to look to explore new worlds
Starting the “Age of Exploration”
Our next Unit