1. TEST Review Questions

2.  Half-Way Covenant- An agreement between the Puritan Church and its followers stating that if your parents or grandparents were members, then you were already a half member.  Joint Stock Company - This was a group of investors sponsoring the establishment of a new colony. Their goal is to only make money.  Mercantilism - This was the idea that colonies only existed for the good of the mother country.  Navigation Acts - Laws passed by Great Britain that made sure the colonies only traded within the Transatlantic Trade.  Pennsylvania Settlement - Colony established as a safe haven for Quakers. This colony also accepted many people from places other than Great Britain.  Plantation System - System in which farmers grew large amounts of one crop, just to make a profit. This caused a need for slavery in the colonies.

3.  1763 Treaty of Paris - Treaty signed that ended the French and Indian War. The treaty granted Great Britain all land east of the Mississippi, Florida, and part of Canada.  Articles of Confederation - This was the first form of government established after independence. It was a loose alliance among the states.  Thomas Paine - Published a pamphlet that stated the reasons for the colonies claiming independence.  1783 Treaty of Paris - Treaty signed that recognizes the independence of the United State of America. The states now extended to the Mississippi River.  Baron Charles de Montesquieu - Enlightenment philosopher that felt government should be divided among three equal branches. It would create a Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branch.

4.  Battle of Lexington and Concord - This is the event where the first shots of the American Revolutionary War were fired. This left eight minutemen dead, and later 73 British soldiers will be killed.  Second Continental Congress - Delegates from each colony met and appointed George Washington as the head of the Continental Army, and adopted a provisional government linking the thirteen colonies.  Battle of Yorktown - The final battle of the American Revolution. The colonial army defeated the British in Virginia. General Cornwallis was forced to surrender when he was trapped by the colonial army and French navy.  John Locke- An enlightenment philosopher that felt government was a Social Contract. This man also felt that everyone was entitled to natural rights.  First Continental Congress - Delegates from twelve colonies met together and agreed to halt trade with Great Britain. They also expanded the role of the militia.

5.  Alien and Sedition Act - Acts passed by Congress that did not permit anyone to speak out against the government, and focused on immigrants.  Era of Good Feelings - Time of prosperity after the War of 1812 in which our industry and economy expanded, and we moved westward  Marbury vs. Madison - Supreme court case that established judicial review  House of Representatives - The House in Congress where members serve two year terms and each state’s representation is based upon in population.  Land Ordinance - This dealt more with selling the property than governing it  Legislative Branch - Branch of the Federal Government in which laws are created. This is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate.

6.  Lewis and Clark Expedition- A decision by Thomas Jefferson to send explorers to find out what was in the Louisiana Territory.  Louisiana Purchase - The purchase of land west of the Mississippi River. This doubled the size of the United States.  Monroe Doctrine - A proclamation declaring all lands in the Western Hemisphere under the protection of the United States. All European nations need to stay out or it will result in conflict.  Executive Branch - A branch of our federal government in which laws are executed. This is our lead figure.  American System - Designed by Henry Clay it set up a society controlled completely by the United States.  Judicial Branch - A branch of our federal government in which they decide if laws are constitutional. The Supreme Court.

7.  War of 1812 - Conflict between Great Britain and the United States in which the U.S. stand up to Great Britain for a second time.  Virginia Plan - Proposal at the Constitutional Convention where both houses would be based on population for representation.  New Jersey Plan - Proposal at the Constitutional Convention where the Senate would be based on equal representation.  Great Compromise - Plan at the Constitutional Convention with a bicameral legislature. One house is based on population and the other equal representation.  3/5 Compromise - Slaves would only count as a fraction for the South’s population for representation in congress.