1. The Properties of Matter
Chapter 2

2. Problem Solving
Scientists will often use an object’s properties to best help them solve a problem

3. Section 1: What is Matter?
Objectives
Define and describe the two properties of all matter
Identify the tools and units used to measure volume and mass
Calculate the volume of a regular-shaped object with a formula
Calculate the volume of an irregular-shaped object with the water displacement method
Compare and contrast mass and weight
Explain the relationship between mass and inertia

4. Section 1: What is Matter?
We are made of matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

5. Section 1: What is Matter?
Is it matter?
Toaster
Bowl of soup
Steam
Sound
Dust
Air
Heat
Flag
Bacteria
Light

6. Section 1: What is Matter?
How much space does matter take up?
It depends
We call it volume
Volume is the amount of space taken up, or occupied, by an object

7. Section 1: What is Matter?
Liquid volume
Often use units like the Liter (L) and milliliter (mL)
1000 mL = 1 L
Use a graduated cylinder to measure
Read along meniscus bottom
Meniscus is a curve at a liquid’s surface

8. Measuring volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder

9. Section 1: What is Matter?
Volume of solids
Regular shape—use a formula
Irregular shape—water displacement method
Measure water volume
Measure new volume with object
Find difference
VOLUME = LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT

10. Volume of a irregular shaped object with water displacement

11. Section 1: What is Matter?
How will we do math problems in physical science?
4 steps
Write the formula
Identify the variables
Put numbers in equation
Solve for the answer, circle answer

12. Section 1: What is Matter?
Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm?
Step 1: Write the formula
V= L x W x H

13. Section 1: What is Matter?
Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm?
Step 2: Identify the variables
5 cm
1 cm
2 cm

14. Section 1: What is Matter?
Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm?
Step 3: Put numbers in the equation
V= 5 cm x 1 cm x 2 cm

15. Section 1: What is Matter?
Sample problem: What is the volume of a box that has a length of 5 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 2 cm?
Step 4: Solve and circle answer
V= 5 cm x 1 cm x 2 cm
V= 10 cm3
NO NAKED NUMBERS!!

16. Section 1: What is Matter?
Matter and Mass and Weight
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
It is the same everywhere in the universe!
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
The more mass, the more weight
Varies by its location in the universe

17. Mass versus Weight

18. Section 1: What is Matter?
Differences between Mass and Weight
Mass
Weight
Measure of amount of matter in an object
Measure of the gravitation force on an object
Always constant for an object no matter where it is
Varies depending on where the object is on the Earth or the universe
Measured using a balance (shown below)
Measured using a spring scale (shown at right)
Expressed in kilograms (kg), grams (g), and milligrams (mg)
Expressed in newtons (N)

19. Mass versus Weight song

20. Section 1: What is Matter?
Inertia
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
The more mass an item has, the more inertia it will have

21. Inertia

22. Section 1: What is Matter?
Section Review
Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet
Define and describe the two properties of all matter
Identify the tools and units used to measure volume and mass
Calculate the volume of a regular-shaped object with a formula
Calculate the volume of an irregular-shaped object with the water displacement method
Compare and contrast mass and weight
Explain the relationship between mass and inertia

23. Section 2: Physical Properties
Objectives
Identify six examples of physical properties of matter
Describe how density is used to identify substances
Calculate density using a formula
List examples of physical changes
Explain what happens to matter during a physical change

24. Section 2: Physical Properties
QUESTIONS
Let’s play 20 Questions!

25. Section 2: Physical Properties
Physical properties are great for the game
Physical properties are great for describing matter
Physical properties are traits that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity

26. Section 2: Physical Properties
Thermal conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers heat. Plastic foam is a poor conductor
State is the physical form of the substance, such as solid, liquid, or gas. Ice is water in the solid state
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Lead is very dense, so it makes a good sinker for a fishing line
Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Flavored drink mix dissolves in water.
Ductility is the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Copper is often used to make wiring because it is so ductile
Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make foil

27. Section 2: Physical Properties
Density
Describes the relationship between mass and volume
Density is the amount of matter in a given amount of space, or volume
GOLF
46 grams
PING PONG
2 grams

28. Section 2: Physical Properties
Solving for Density (d)
Density can help identify substances
DENSITY = MASS
VOLUME
Densities of Common Substances
SUBSTANCE
DENSITY (g/cm3)
Helium (gas)
Zinc (solid)
7.13
Oxygen (gas)
Silver (solid)
10.50
Water (liquid)
1.00
Lead (solid)
11.35
Pyrite (solid)
5.02
Mercury (liquid)
13.55

29. Density song from our friend!

30. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3?
Step 1: Write the formula
DENSITY = MASS
VOLUME

31. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3?
Step 2: Identify the variables
25 g
10 cm3

32. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3?
Step 3: Put numbers in the equation
DENSITY = 25 g
10 cm3

33. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3?
Step 4: Solve and circle answer
DENSITY = 25 g
10 cm3
Density= 2.5 g/cm3
NO NAKED NUMBERS!!

34. Section 2: Physical Properties
The formula triangle
Cover up the piece you want to solve for
Find the new equation
M =
V =
D x V M D

35. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume?
Step 1: Write the formula
V= M D

36. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume?
Step 2: Identify the variables
454 g
11.35 g/cm3
Densities of Common Substances
SUBSTANCE
DENSITY (g/cm3)
Helium (gas)
Zinc (solid)
7.13
Oxygen (gas)
Silver (solid)
10.50
Water (liquid)
1.00
Lead (solid)
11.35
Pyrite (solid)
5.02
Mercury (liquid)
13.55

37. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume?
Step 3: Put numbers in the equation
V= 454 g
11.35 g/cm3

38. Section 2: Physical Properties
Sample problem: Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is the ball’s volume?
Step 4: Solve and circle answer
V= 454 g
11.35 g/cm3
NO NAKED NUMBERS!!
V= 40 cm 3

39. Section 2: Physical Properties
Physical Changes do not form new substances
A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substances

40. Section 2: Physical Properties
Examples of physical changes
Freezing water
Sanding wood
Dissolve sugar in water
Melting butter

41. Section 2: Physical Properties
Matter and physical changes
Physical changes to not change the identity of the matter involved
Ice is still water
Sawdust is still wood
Melted butter is still butter
Shaped clay is still clay
Cut paper is still paper

42. Section 2: Physical Properties
Section Review
Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet
Identify six examples of physical properties of matter
Describe how density is used to identify substances
Calculate density using a formula
List examples of physical changes
Explain what happens to matter during a physical change

43. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Objectives
Describe two examples of chemical properties
Explain the importance of characteristic properties
Explain what happens during a chemical change
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes

44. Section 3: Chemical Properties
A chemical property describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has different properties

45. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn
Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to combine to form one or more new substances

46. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Shape Bending an iron nail will change its shape
Reactivity An iron nail can react with oxygen in the air to form iron oxide (rust)
State Rubbing alcohol is a clear liquid at room temperature
Flammability Rubbing alcohol is able to burn easily
Physical versus Chemical properties

47. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Physical versus Chemical properties
How do you tell?
Chemical—substance changes into something new by observing property
Physical—does not change identity by observing property

48. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Characteristic Properties
Characteristic properties are the properties that are most useful in identifying a substance
Do not change regardless of sample size
Density, solubility, flammability, reactivity
How do I know what is in this beaker???? (tomorrow)

49. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Chemical Changes and New Substances
A chemical change is when one or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties
Not the same as a chemical property!

50. Bill Nye Chemical Change

51. Section 3: Chemical Properties
How do we know a chemical change is occurring?
Change in color or odor

52. Section 3: Chemical Properties
How do we know a chemical change is occurring?
Formation of a gas (fizzing and foaming)

53. Section 3: Chemical Properties
How do we know a chemical change is occurring?
Sound or light being given off

54. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Reactivity with Vinegar Gas bubbles are produced when vinegar is poured into baking soda
Physical and Chemical Changes
Change in texture Grinding baking soda into a fine, powdery substance is a physical change

55. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Physical versus Chemical Changes
How do I know which is which?
DID THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHANGE?
If yes, it’s chemical
If no, it’s physical

56. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Can changes be reversed?
Sometimes!
Ice  water  ice again REVERSIBLE
Eggfried egg IRREVERSIBLE

57. The Properties Song!!!

58. Section 3: Chemical Properties
Section Review
Please answer the objectives on your objective summary sheet
Describe two examples of chemical properties
Explain the importance of characteristic properties
Explain what happens during a chemical change
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes