1. Module 5 Representivity

2. What’s in Module 5  Who has how much voice?  For SP practitioners: ensuring representativity  For SP participants: how to have a stronger voice?

3. Who has how much voice?

4. Public participation is a rich concept that means different things to different people in different political & cultural environments

5. Source: SAIEA Civil society involvement

6. From your experience, what factors can constrain participation? How can SP processes ensure representative stakeholder groups? What groups are often left out?

7. Who are we leaving out? Many stakeholder groups are made up of smaller groups of actors with diverse interests, levels of influence and ability to exercise their rights The most marginalised in a “local community”, generally women or the poorer, often do not have their interests represented by the institutions representing the larger community

8.  Non accessible language  Non accessible information (time, place or format)  Time constraints (time poverty)  Social/ cultural hierarchies (gender- or age-based)  Culture of stakeholder engagement non existent  Lack of interest in the subject Remember what may constrain participation...

9. For SP practitioners: ensuring representivity

10. Write down ideas of how you can ensure a representative list of stakeholders… Should stakeholders help define who should be involved in the process?

11.  Ask stakeholders themselves who they preceive the main stakeholders to be  Cross-check the completeness of your stakeholder list: –Sectors (public, private, interest groups, individuals) –Localtion (local, national, regional, international) –Probable interest (directly affected, indirectly affected, possibly interested, and general interest) Source: ELI Listing the stakeholders...

12. Imagine you are organising a SP workshop: how would you ensure representivity? To what extent should the project assist people who cannot participate?

13.  Disseminate information about the SP process and assist those who may not be readily able to take advantage of the SP process  Make information available in distinct places and through media – use existing mechanisms the public uses to receive information Source: ELI Inform...

14. Consider whether groups of the socially excluded have spokespersons who should be included in any preliminary and early discussions to heighten their awareness and include their voice e.g. village elders, tribal leaders, community- minded individuals Source: World Bank

15.  Ensure that participation will not take people away from their livelihood activities, or compensate them for their time participating  Use language(s) that is(are) understandable and meaningful to stakeholders  Tailor methods of dissemination and of participation to the targeted stakeholders Source: ELI Tailor the process...

16. “ If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his language, that goes to his heart.” Nelson Mandela

17. For SP participants: how to have a stronger voice?

18. How can stakeholders organise themselves to have a stronger say? What experiences have people had in SP processes? What to do when you are not being involved?

19. To have a stronger say... Source: SAIEA Representatives: choose a individual or a small group of individuals to represent the community/ organisation’s interests Networks: formal or informal networks, alliances and coallitions may assist you in the SP process

20. To have a stronger say... Source: SAIEA Caucusing: before public events, obtain opinions in your community and determine your strategies and objectives of the group. As a representative, always report back to your constituency NGO support: may assist communities in accessing and interpreting information, and participating in SP events

21. Can you list some mechanisms you have used or know of?… What mechanisms and channels exist to get your voice heard?

22. Formal government structures By legal and constitutional right, many local/regional authorities will have formal structures established to enable public participation. E.g. Ward committees, independent advisory bodies that serve as a formal communication channels between the community and the council. Some examples

23. Informal structures and networks Existing civil society sectoral groupings and forums can be used for civil society stakeholders and municipalities to come together. These processes should be attended by senior officials with decision-making powers. Media Communities can make use of press or radio, for example, to voice their opinions and concerns

24. Make sure you have read and understood all the information provided prior to the SP event Draw up a list of questions before the event Ensure you know the aim of the event and prepare a view before attending it Be prepared to work when you attend events Source: SAIEA Things to remember...

25. Some final food for thought: Whose process is it after all?