1. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Creating Open Educational Resources : Guidelines for Quality Assurance -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Paul Kawachi FRSA kawachi @ open - ed. net open educational resources localisation

2. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Creating Open Educational Resources : Guidelines for Quality Assurance -------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ Paul Kawachi FRSA kawachi @ open - ed. net http : // www. open - ed. net / oer-quality / localisation. ppt localisation

3. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net in order to discuss quality assurance for OER we need to be clear about localisation processes moreover different stakeholders hold different opinions on quality this short presentation covers the above localisation

4. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net we need to be clear on what we mean by : i localisation ii internationalisation iii globalisation iv world-readiness localisation

5. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net different OER users include : - international-level overarching repositories - intermediate-level teachers and translators - local-level student end-users these can be shown according to the respective level of localisation of the OER

6. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i definition of ‘localisation’ “ the adaptation of any OER from any other place to suit the language, cultural and other requirements of a new other specific local context, where the resulting OER appears to have been created in the local culture ” definition

7. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i localisation involves … language issues / dialects /idioms / thought patterns / genres adapting to local customs and social ways of doing things adding examples of local content / local pictures using local symbols / icons / date / money / number / temperature / distance putting ideas into local order / cultural thought patterns displaying content suitably / aesthetics / white space / font / colours adapting to local laws and regulations ( eg tax, driving, business laws) adapting to local ethics (behaviours based on reasoning) adapting to local morals (behaviours based on social customs) adapting to local etiquette (eating, clothing, manners, honorifics etc ) adapting for local computer keyboard layout definition

8. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i localisation involves … several years ago I was asked to give my English-version ppt presentation in Japanese language … out of 36 ppt slides, I reused only 23 ppt in the local language and in different sequence definition

9. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net ii definition of ‘internationalisation’ “ creating a new context-free OER that is transmissible and enables later easy adaption to a local context, having the capabilities built in to be adapted but not local-contents built in ” definition

10. increased simplicity more complexity internationalisation for export / import localisation Kawachi 2013 http://www.open-ed.net/oer-quality/localisation.pdf

11. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net the three arbitrary levels are : internationalisation localisation upper-level overarching repositories intermediate-level teachers and translators local-level student end-users 12 312 3

12. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net iii definition of ‘globalisation’ “ taking an old OER and retrofitting it to suit other local context(s), eg taking an OER from an old local context, internationalising it, then re-localising it to a new local context ” definition

13. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net iv definition of ‘world-readiness’ “ creating a new OER that is internationalised and has a wide range of or all localisations / local-contents built into it, where cheaper versions allow intermediate-level users to add-in local culture (self-localisation) ” definition

14. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net iv definition of ‘world-readiness’ a world-ready OER contains built-in ready-to-use international, intermediate, and local versions definition

15. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net let ’s look at the localisation processes …

16. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net let ’s look at the localisation processes …

17. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net teachers fill balloons with knowledge … ( not just hot air )

18. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net teachers fill balloons with knowledge … ( not just hot air )

19. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net which all float up to the top

20. these are stored in the roof area ( repository )

21. these are stored in the roof area ( repository ) waiting to be re-used

22. these are stored in the roof area ( repository ) for a teacher to adapt and give to students

23. these are stored in the roof area ( repository ) for a teacher to adapt and give to students $ sometimes we add extrinsic motivation eg a Badge or Certificate of Completion

24. these are stored in the roof area ( repository ) and release to the roof again   and remember to send a copy back to the original author-creator

25. for students everywhere to grab

26. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Thomas Jefferson : August 13, 1813 Letter to Isaac McPherson : http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/presidents/thomas-jefferson/letters-of-thomas-jefferson/jefl220.php “ If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it. He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me. That ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and improvement of his condition, seems to have been peculiarly and benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire, expansible over all space, without lessening their density in any point, and like the air in which we breathe, move, and have our physical being, incapable of confinement or exclusive appropriation.”

27. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Thomas Jefferson : August 13, 1813 Letter to Isaac McPherson : http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/presidents/thomas-jefferson/letters-of-thomas-jefferson/jefl220.php “ as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me … that ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe for the moral and mutual instruction of man and improvement of his condition … like fire, expansible over all space without lessening their density in any point ”

28. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net You can download these slides freely from the website http : // www. open - ed. net / oer-quality / localisation. ppt or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net