1. The Cross-cultural Impact on International Business

3. learned, shared, and enduring orientation patterns in a society.
People demonstrate their culture through values, ideas, attitudes, behaviors, and symbols.
transmitted through the process of learning and interacting with one’s environment, rather than through the genetic process.

4. Why Culture Matters in International Business

5. Cross-cultural proficiency is paramount in many managerial tasks
Problems arise in areas such as- teamwork, pay-for-performance system, union- management relationships, attitude towards ambiguity

7. All cultures of the world—despite many differences—face a number of common problems and share a number of common features
All societies, if they are to survive, are confronted with fundamental universal needs that must be satisfied.

8. Economic Systems
the most obvious and immediate needs of a society is to meet the basic physiological requirements of its people.
Because commodities are always in finite supply, each society must develop systematic ways of producing, distributing, and consuming these essential resources.

9. Marriage and Family Systems
One should know about these systems, especially in those areas where one is running business
Important implication in labor contracts

10. A society must have an organized way of passing on its cultural heritage from one generation to the next.
This universal societal need for cultural transmission gives rise to some form of educational system in every society.
Knowledge of these is helpful for businessperson engaged in marketing strategies abroad.

11. Socio-control Systems
Every society has a system for coercing people to obey the social rules, and these are called social control systems.
In order to maintain order and good working relationships among employees, corporations operating abroad would be more successful by using local mechanisms of social control.

12. Religions and Other Supernatural Belief Systems
Societies develop supernatural belief systems for explaining these unexplainable occurrences.
Religions and other supernatural belief systems affect the conduct of business by shaping attitudes about work, savings, consumption, efficiency, and individual responsibility.

13. National, Professional and Corporate Culture

14. Research suggests that employees are socialized into three cultures: national culture, professional culture, and corporate culture
Working effectively within these overlapping cultures is a major challenge.

15. Key Dimensions

16. There are numerous dimensions of national culture.
Can be grouped into two broad categories- subjective and objective

17. Subjective Dimensions of Culture
values and attitudes
manners and customs
deal versus relationship orientation
perceptions of time
perceptions of space
religion

18. Objective Dimensions of Culture
symbolic and material productions, such as the tools, roads, and architecture unique to a society.

19. Language- a Key Dimension of Culture
Language is such an important dimension of culture that it requires extensive treatment.
Often described as the expression or mirror of culture, language is not only essential for communications, it provides insights into culture.

20. Language- a Key Dimension of Culture
Linguistic proficiency is a great asset in international business because it facilitates cross-cultural understanding.
The same word can convey different meanings in the two countries- thus advertising themes often lose their original meaning in translation or convey unfavorable interpretations.
Business jargon can also impede communication

21. Interpreting Culture

22. Metaphors
Spanish Bull Fight

23. Medieval Jousts

24. French Coffeehouse

25. Japanese Garden

26. Swedish “Stuga”

27. Dragon

28. Stereotypes

29. Homer Simpson

30. Arab= terrorist

31. African Americans good at sports

32. All Italians are the Mob

33. Idioms To roll out the red carpet Beating around the bush
Barking up the wrong tree
“no está el horno para bolos”

34. High- and Low-context Culture
Clear
Logical
Straightforward
High-context Culture
Indirect
Polite
Sensitive
Non-verbal Cues

35. East VS
West

36. West East Christianity concerned with absolute moral values
Buddhism and Confucianism focuses on virtue
legalistic contractual relationships
direct personal relationships
Weak hierarchical structure
Strong hierarchical structure
Attribution groups are important
Frame groups are important
freedom and personal conscience
security and obedience
Individualistic orientation
Group orientation
Need for self-assertion
Need for coordination

37. Cultural Change

38. Cultural Diffusion it is seen to be superior to what already exists
it is consistent with existing cultural patterns
it is easily understood
it can be tested on an experimental basis
its benefits are clearly visible to a relatively large number of people

39. Impact on Business Product design Advertisement Acceptability
Strategic guidelines

40. Challenge of Crossing Boundaries

41. Communication
Analyze
Ethnocentric orientation

42. Cross-Cultural Business

43. Marketing

44. Advertisements

45. Pepsodent

47. Product Design

48. Washing machines in Europe and Asia

49. Sinks in Central and western America

50. Pricing

51. Branding

54. Umbro- Zyklon

55. Negotiations

56. Solutions

57. Develop cross-cultural skills
Avoid cultural bias
Language training
Develop cross-cultural skills
Tolerance
Perceptiveness
Valuing personal relationships
Flexibility and adaptability