1. Lodi Unified School District Advanced Placement Pathways
INTRODUCTION TO
PRE-AP STRATEGIES

2. What is Pre-AP?
Pre-AP is a set of content-specific strategies designed to:
Build rigorous curricula
Promote access to AP for all students
Introduce skills, concepts, and assessment methods to prepare students for success when they take AP and other challenging courses

3. What is Pre-AP? (con’t)
A instructional process to strengthen the curriculum and increase the academic challenge for all students
An inclusive program for encouraging more students to access higher learning
A tool for working together in the same direction
A new way of thinking and approaching the classroom

4. Who should be considered for AP Pathways?
GATE identified students
AVID identified students
Underrepresented student sub-groups
Student/Parent/Guardian choice/request
Teacher/Counselor/Administrator choice/request

5. Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science
History (US, European)
Government
Economics
Human Geography
Psychology
a study of change over time

6. Pre-AP Strategies in Social Science (Con’t)
Students should be able to recognize
and understand:
Cause and effect relationships
Multiple causations
Trends, themes, and interactions
The importance of BOTH change and continuity is shaping human events

7. Pre-AP Strategies for Social Science
Primary Source Analysis Strategies
APPARTS: Author, Place and time, Prior Knowledge, Audience, Reason, The main idea, Significance

8. G-Persia G—Geographic P-- Political E—Economic R—Religious S—Social
I—Intellectual
A--Artistic

9. C-GRIPES C—Cultural G—Geographic R—Religious I—Intellectual
P—Political
E—Economic
S--Social

10. SPRITE S—SOCIAL P—Political R—Religious I—Intellectual T—Technological
E—Economic

11. SPEC
S—SOCIAL
P—P0litical
E—Economic
C--Cultural

12. SOAPSTone
S—Speaker
O—Occasion
A—Audience
P—Purpose
S—Subject
T--Tone

13. OPTIC O—Overview P—Parts T—Title I—Interrelationships
C—draw a Conclusion

14. BART
B—BIAS
A—Attribution
R—Reliability
T--Tone

15. Strategies for going from Main Idea to Details
Big Picture Strategy
Creating Guiding Questions
Working from Essential-Thematic
Questions

16. Strategies for going from Details to Main Idea
Conceptual Identifications
Using Subheadings
Generating main ideas from a reading
Half-page solutions (note-taking strategy)

17. Strategies for Synthesizing Information
Categorization
Generalization
Evaluation

18. Assessment Strategies
1. Multiple Choice—test-taking strategies
Tips
2. Designing effective questions
Improving Student Writing
Focus on Thesis

19. Assessment Strategies (con’t)
3. Writing supporting paragraphs
4. Writing effective conclusions
5. Construction/use of Rubrics
6. Frequent and appropriate use
of past AP exams as models
and skill-building strategies

20. Pre-AP Strategies in Mathematics and Statistics
Pre-AP Mathematics
Pre-AP Strategies in Mathematics and Statistics

21. Pre-Ap Mathematics Posing Questions Reflection After-class Debriefing
Classroom Illustration(s)
Use of Circular Objects

22. Teaching from a Conceptual “Big Picture” view of Mathematics
Identifying and Generating Patterns
What’s the Rule?
Deducing Relationships
Looking below the surface—
Identifying common structures
Sequencing Problems

23. Teaching from a Conceptual “Big Picture” view of Mathematics (con’t)
Talking Mathematically—Class Discussions
Providing Summaries
Indicating Agreement
Retelling Problems
Assembling Clues

24. Math Assessments Formative Summative Short Answer Tests
Use of past AP Tests

25. Pre-AP Strategies in Science
Pre-AP Science
Pre-AP Strategies in Science

26. Pre-AP Science Strategies
Individualized Instruction
Electronic Communication
Technology Tools in Education

27. Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)
Applying Technology in the Classroom
Observation and Analyses
Small Group Collaborative learning
Multimedia Quizzes/Tests
The Calculator-Computer Connection

28. Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)
Using Computers in the Science Classroom
Integrating Power point
Concept mapping
Drawing a Concept Map
Using Spreadsheets to Analyze Experimental data

29. Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)
Creating a Live Web Page
Linking the Graphic Calculator to the Computer
Use of Scientific and Graphing Calculators
Scaffolding Science Lessons/Labs for various Grade Levels

30. Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)
Improving Reading Comprehension
PACA—Predicting and Confirming
Activity
QAR--Question/Answer
Relationship
K-W-L

31. Pre-AP Science Strategies (con’t)
I-N-S-E-R-T: Interactive Notation System for Effective Reading and Thinking
Spider (Web) Map
Continuum Scale (Time Line)
Series of Events Chain

32. Pre- AP Science Strategies (con’t)
Fishbone Map
Concept map
Human Interaction Outline
Problem/Solution Outline
Cycle
Use of past AP Exams

33. Pre-AP English
English Pre-AP Strategies

34. English teachers who utilize Pre-AP strategies at any grade level must:
Introduce literary terminology and definitions.
Model the application of terminology to the reading of the work.
Structure activities to ask students to explore a work and independently recognize the elements of style, use of literary techniques, etc.

35. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Structure close critical reading experiences
Select passage from works that illustrate an author’s style, technique, etc.
Teach students to write a prose-analysis essay
Provide historical background of a work of literature when necessary.

36. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Levels of Questioning
SOAPSTone:
S—Subject
O—Occasion
A—Audience
P—Purpose
S—Speaker
T--Tone

37. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Literary Analysis Strategies
SIFT—Symbol, Images, Figures of
Speech, Tone and Theme
Dante’s fourfold Method: Analyzing
Symbol and Allegory
Aristotelian Theory of Criticism

38. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
LEAD: Analysis of Diction
L—Low or informal diction
E—Elevated language or formal
diction
A—Abstract and concrete diction
D—Denotation and connotation

39. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Advanced Syntactical strategies
Syntax Analysis Worksheet
Introduction and analysis of Archetypes
DIDLS: Diction, Images, Details, Language, Sentence Structure

40. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
TP-CASTT:
Title,
Paraphrase,
Connotation,
Attitude,
Shifts
Title (again)
Theme

41. Metacognitive Strategies
Thinking Notes
Reading Aloud
Thinking Aloud

42. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Ladders of Questions
Reading Journals
Reading Strategies
Annotating Texts
Discussion Methods
Fishbowl Discussions
Timed Discussions

43. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Reading Conferences
Bulletin Board
Threaded Discussions
Literature Circles
Using Graphic Organizers

44. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
SMELL: Sender-receiver relationship
Message
Emotional strategies
Logical Strategies
Language

45. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
TWIST: Tone
Word Choice
Imagery and detail
Style
Theme

46. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Assessment Strategies
PAMDISS: Writing Strategy—
Purpose, Audience, Mode,
Diction, Images/Concrete
Details, Syntax, Structure

47. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Self-Evaluation and Revision: The Four Bases of Effective Writing
Peer Editing
Teacher-Made Scoring Guides and Rubrics
Use of AP Exam Student Samples

48. Pre-AP English Strategies (con’t)
Modification of AP Exam questions to meet classroom objectives
Use of Past AP Exams