1. IPS Chapter 4 Pg 69 Solutions Solvent – does the dissolving ex: water, alcohol, peroxide, Shout Solute – substance that is dissolved Unsaturated – solvent not full of solute yet Saturated – full of solute Supersaturated – so full it will start to crystallize (precipitate), can’t hold any more, rock candy

2. Concentration – grams of solute in the volume of solvent given in g / 100 cm 3 (multiply grams in 1 mL by 100) Pg 69 middle and bottom Pg 70 #2-4

3. Solutions are homogeneous (completely blended) Solubility – how much solute will dissolve in given volume of solvent, characteristic property

4. Solubility affected by…. 1.Temp – solids dissolve better in hot solvent, graph Pg 73 - gases dissolve better in cool hot water=less oxygen for fish Pg 82 2.Pressure – carbon dioxide in soda 3.Stirring - agitation 4.Surface area - handout

5. Graph handout w/ quiz sheet Pg 72 #7-11 Pg 75 #13-16, 18-21 Pg 77 ethanol Pg 78 #22 Pg 79 carbon dioxide Pg 82 #26-30

6. Solutions can be…. Solids – alloys iron + carbon = steel zinc + copper = brass tin + copper = bronze gold + copper = 12 K gold Liquids – carbon dioxide in soda Gas – air we breathe is mostly nitrogen

7. Acid Rain Pg 83 Carbon dioxide in air makes carbonic acid rain, weak acid ( in soda) but able to dissolve limestone underground and cause sinkholes Burning coal and making paper produces sulfur that causes sulfuric acid, strong acid (battery acid), dissolves statues and buildings, harms fish and crops

8. Solutes in Drinking Water Pg 85 Hard water – excess calcium (lime deposits) Pg 86 #31,32,35,36,37,39,40,42