1. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity How to plan for Nature? Communication and participation Testing workshop Camp Reinsehlen, 25 – 27 January 2012

2. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Presentation outline l Communication l Participation l Faciltiation l Stakeholder analysis l Key points to remember

3. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communication – the basics l Why do we communicate? l What happens when we communicate and what not? l Types of communication –Instrumental –Interactive l Organizational communication –External –Internal l Means of communication

4. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communicating Nature Conservation Why do people communicate? l Communication is essential in life l Communicate even if unaware of it l Individuals and groups need to communicate for basic life needs and to express identity l Communication enables relationships between people and therefore for society to function l Groups communicate to maintain identity and to develop knowledge within group

5. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Traditional communication model

6. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Instrumental communication

7. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communicating Nature Conservation What is Communication? Oxford English Dictionary: “The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing or behaviour.” l The meaning is wide ranging can include discussion, a newspaper article, a letter, observing a red traffic light, body language, etc. l Wikipedia defines:

8. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communication as an interactive process

9. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Participation

10. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communicating Nature Conservation Facilitation is “Helping others to have a discussion or reach a conclusion or consensus by: –Creating the right ambience –Setting the right ground rules –Encouraging constructive behaviour –Discouraging destructive behaviour –Ensuring that everyone has their say –Not disrupting the flow of discussion and ideas (even if you disagree!) –Steering the direction of discussion – not directing”

11. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Stakeholder participation l Who are the stakeholders? l Why to involve stakeholders in BES planning? l Stakeholder analysis

12. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Where are we now? Where would we like to be? Vision Plans Where have we come from? PastPresentFuture

13. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity A stakeholder.. l Who are directly involved in the project and who need to carry out the practical decisions and actions in terms of planning, design and actual implementation in terms of protection, management, restoration or creation of habitat and associated work with species –Land managers, contractors, conservation NGOs and volunteers, etc l Who are directly affected by the plan or activity and can influence it but who are not directly involved in the work –Landowners, local residents, hunters, birdwatchers, recreational users, etc

14. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity A stakeholder.. l Whose permission, approval or (financial) support will be needed –Regional and municipal authorities, local representatives of ministries, agencies and state institutes, etc l Who may participate in implementation via community mobilisation efforts or by representing a particular segment of society –Environmental organizations, elected officials, chamber of commerce representatives, neighborhood advisory council members, religious leaders, etc

15. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity A stakeholder.. l Who may not be directly involved but who can influence opinions for or against the plan or activity –Local celebrities, local media, elected officials, business or trade union leaders, environmental organizations, chamber of commerce representatives, teachers, neighborhood group members, religious leaders, etc

16. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity

17. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Why stakeholder involvement? l Ownership l Empowerment l Sustainability l Relevance l Impact l Effectiveness l Efficiency l Learning l Synergy and collaboration

18. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Integration of different sectors..

19. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity TRADITIONAL APPROACH

20. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH

21. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Understanding stakeholders l Stakeholders have: –World views, values, norms, cultural context –Interests –Power –Conflicts

22. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Institutions – organisations l Questions: –What are the important government, business and NGO organisations? –How effectively are these organisations performing? –How are the different organisations linked together (power relations, communications, joint work, competitors)

23. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Participatory Tools and Techniques l Rich pictures l Brainstorming l Visioning l Questionnaires and surveys l Cause and effect mapping l Historical analysis l Locality mapping l Focus groups l Semi-structured interviewing l Flow diagrams l Role plays l SWOT analysis l Institutional linkages l Information tabulation and graphing l Matrix analysis l Issue analysis l Card technique l Nominal group technique l Action planning

24. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Stakeholder analysis l Methods: –Stakeholder maps –Institutional diagram –Secondary data l Questions: –Who are the key stakeholders? –How do different stakeholder groups interact? –What are the power relations between different groups?

25. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Why do we need stakeholder analysis? l To empirically discover existing patterns of interactions l To mobilise key stakeholders and to build up a common awareness l To target interventions and approaches l As a management tool in policy making l As a tool to predict and/or manage conflicts

26. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Important stages in stakeholder analysis l Before the situation analysis starts: –When defining the scope of the policy/project l During the problem identification and analysis: –to mobilise stakeholders & to analyse the stakeholders’ needs and interests, objectives, linkages and interactions, etc. l While designing the project strategy or policy: –to balance conflicting interests and to assure commitment/participation in implementation

27. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Key questions in stakeholder analysis l Who are the stakeholders in a system, with regard to a certain project / programme? l What are their interests, views, objectives? l How important are they? l How are they affected? l How do they affect / influence the project / programme outcomes? l What kind of relations? l How should stakeholders participate or contribute?

28. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Conditions for successful stakeholder involvement l Clear mandates and legitimacy for the process l Engagement of all key stakeholders l Incentives for participation l Integration with existing institutions and processes l Clear scope and boundaries of the content l Co-ordination between different scales l Effective facilitation and leadership l Utilise a diversity of methodologies l Establish and monitor performance questions and indicators

29. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Means of communication l Newsletters l Magazines l Manuals for employees l Programmes for orientation l Bulletin boards l Meetings l Staff day outs l Awards

30. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Communication planning l Anaylse the situation l Set targets l Decide on action l Implement l Evaluate

31. BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity Key skills.. l Facilitation l Moderation l Interpersonal l Commitment to the success l Flexible l Openness and transparency l Honesty l Positive attitude