1. Indirect Object Action Verb Direct Object Subject Linking Verb
Step 1: ask verb what?
** this is the direct object
Step 2: if there is a DO, ask verb direct object to whom?
** this is the indirect object
*Neither a DO or IO are needed!
Indirect Object
Action Verb
Direct Object
Subject
Linking Verb
Subject Complement
Linking?
Step 1: ask what describes or renames the subject
** this is the subject complement
(it complements the subject!!)
Step 2: decide if the SC is an adjective or a noun
*A SC is ALWAYS needed!!!
Predicate
Adjective
Predicate
Noun
Jack threw Jill the pen Jack is not very coordinated
2. Jill caught the pen Jill appears hurt after her fall.
3. Jill went up the hill Jack and Jill are nursery characters. IO DO
SC/PA DO
SC/PA
SC/PN

2. A word that looks like a verb but acts like a noun
Verbals
Gerunds
A word that looks like a verb but acts like a noun
It ALWAYS ends in ing!!!
It can be placed in four different spots!
1. Subject: Rafting is fun!
2. Direct Object: I enjoy rafting!
3. Subject Complement: My favorite activity is rafting!
4. Object of a Preposition: I am tired after rafting!

3. Verbals
Participle
A word that looks like a verb but acts like an adjective
Present participles end in -ing.
Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone.
The rafting boat remains in the shop.
The asked question remained unanswered.
The half eaten watermelon remained on the table.
The saved document remained on the computer.
The dealt deck of cards remained in play.
The often seen movie remains in the top twenty most popular.

4. Verbals Infinitives Is ALWAYS to plus a word
A word that looks like a verb but acts like a noun, adjective, or adverb
Is ALWAYS to plus a word
Noun (subject): To drive seemed like a good idea.
Noun (direct object): Everyone wanted to drive.
Noun (subject complement): His ambition is to drive.
Adjective: I have a car to drive.
Adverb: We must study to drive.

5. Verbal Practice Participle Gerund/subject Gerund/direct object
The flying car went past.
Grading makes me tired.
I have made rafting a hobby.
It is fun to watch a movie and to go to dinner.
The temperature is freezing.
The police arrested him for speeding.
The loved dog was played with every day.
Gerund/subject
Gerund/direct object
Infinitive X’s 2
Gerund/subject complement
Gerund/object of preposition
Participle
Gerund/object of preposition
Gerund/subject complement
Gerund/subject
Gerund/direct object
Participle
Participle
Infinitive