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Personal Protective Equipment - What’s it all about?
Written by: Gene Herbest Made available by
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REFERENCES AR 385 Series AR 11-34 TB Med Series DA Pam 385-1
29 CFR 1910 ANSI Z
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Personal Protective Equipment
Definition: Devices used to protect workers from injury or illness resulting from contact with chemical , radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards (AR 385 Series & OSHA) The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is based on hazard present; each situation “must be” evaluated independently (Risk Assessment)
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Some Caveats PPE is used as a last resort
The use of PPE signifies that the hazard could not be controlled by other methods, such as: administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation) engineering or industrial hygiene controls
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Engineering & IH Controls
Design (remove hazard from process) Substitution (of less hazardous materials) Process modification (how and where) Isolate the process or the worker Wet methods for dust reduction Local exhaust ventilation (at source) Dilution ventilation (area) Good housekeeping
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Back to the caveats... The use of PPE signals that the hazard still exists in the workplace Unprotected workers in the same area will be exposed Failure of PPE means that the worker “will be” exposed PPE can be combined with other controls
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So, what is it???
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PPE Head protection Eye and Face protection Hearing protection
Respiratory protection Arm and Hand protection Foot and Leg protection Protective clothing
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Head Protection
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Hard Hats work by dissipating force
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Eye Protection
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Eye Protection Common Uses: Impact Protection Chemical Hazards
Grinding Drilling Chemical Hazards Parts washer Spray Painting Radiation Protection welder’s goggles laser goggles UV Infrared
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Eye Protection - Selection
Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes from flying objects (no face protection) Chemical splash goggles protect against fluids by sealing tightly against the face Face shields provide highest level of protection
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Face Shield - the highest level of face protection
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Hearing Protection
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Hearing Protection Basics
Noise induced hearing loss can occur with exposures >90 dBA A hearing conservation program becomes a requirement at exposures >85dBA Higher levels of noise exposure have shorter allowable exposure times
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Noise levels versus Duration
Sound Level (dBA) 90 92 95 100 105 110 115 Exposure (hours) 8 6 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
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Hearing Protection Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a conversation in a normal tone of voice with someone at arm’s length, you are likely near 90dBA All hearing protection devices should have a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # of decibels they will reduce noise levels Be conservative when using NRRs
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A couple examples Example 1 Example 2 Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA
exposure = 105 dBA 105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay Example 2 same plugs exposure = 125 dBA 125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be below 90 dB
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Hearing Protection - Types
Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes difficult to tell if workers are wearing them Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable, typically higher NRRs than plugs, more obvious Can be used together in very high noise areas
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Arm and Hand Protection
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Gloves - Typical Uses Chemical protection Biohazard protection
Abrasion protection Friction protection Protection from extremes of heat and cold
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Gloves - more caveats No glove is good against all hazards
Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be periodically replaced When donning gloves, examine them for signs of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot Hands should always be washed after removing gloves
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Handwashing and gloves
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Protective Footwear Steel-toed footwear, preferably with metatarsal guards, is used to protect feet from crushing injuries caused by heavy objects All safety footwear shall comply with ANSI Z Rubber boots are often used to protect feet from exposure to liquids Chaps or leggings are used in certain applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)
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Other Protective Clothing
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Other Protective Clothing
Used to protect the work uniform from hazards in the workplace Often hazard specific To be considered effective, protective clothing must prevent the contaminant from reaching the clothing or skin of the worker!
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Respiratory Protection
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Respiratory Protection
Protects users by removing harmful materials that may enter the body via the lungs Inhalation is one of the quickest, most efficient ways to introduce “lethal” levels of hazardous materials into the body
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Respiratory System
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Respirators - types Air Purifying Respirators (APR)
Half-face Full Face Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Respirators Does not include:
surgical masks dust masks N-95 respirators are a special class of respiratory protection primarily used in the health care field
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Respirators - A Big Caveat!!!
workers “should not” wear a respirator unless they have been medically cleared to do so! This clearance may take the form of a questionnaire, physical examination, pulmonary function testing, chest X-Ray, or a combination of the above
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Why? Respirators put additional resistance against the respiratory system of the wearer workers with undiagnosed respiratory system or cardiovascular problems could trigger a serious medical problem (respiratory distress, asthma, heart attack, etc.) by using a respirator
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Respirators are incompatible with facial hair
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Facial hair… The respirator cannot form a tight seal against the cheeks and chin, resulting in air leaks which can allow airborne contaminants to be inhaled Specially designed PAPR hoods can be used for workers with facial hair small amounts of facial hair that fit inside of the respirator facepiece are acceptable
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PPE Usage PPE that is required to safely conduct work should be purchased/ordered by the work section and/or unit Employers are responsible for ensuring that PPE is “available and worn” workers “are” responsible for wearing & maintaining PPE, and reporting worn or defective PPE to their Employer
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Recap PPE is hazard specific; the hazards of each workplace and task “must be” evaluated (risk assessment) PPE is used as a last resort when the hazard cannot be controlled by other methods Employers “are” responsible to ensure it is available and worn; workers must wear and maintain their PPE
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Recap PPE is only considered effective if it prevents the contaminant from reaching the worker Respirators should not be worn by workers unless they have been medically cleared to do so
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Dressed for Success!
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For additional information on PPE...
Contact your Employer Or contact National Safety, Inc. directly
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FOOD FOR THOUGHT Asking me to overlook a simple safety violation would be asking me to compromise my entire attitude toward the value of “your” life!
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QUESTIONS?
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