1. Treaty of Versailles (1919)

2. Europe 1914

3. Europe

4. How did the Europe of 1919 come to be?

5. World War One 1914 - 1918 A total war Triple Entente Vs Central Powers
military fatalities
civilian fatalities

6. World War One 11 Nov 1918 - Germany surrendered
Negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference
Outcome was the Treaty of Versailles

7. What was the Treaty of Versailles?

8. Woodrow Wilson David Lloyd George Georges Clemenceau
American President
David Lloyd George
British Prime Minister
Georges Clemenceau
French President

9. France UK USA Nationalist Destroy Germany Pragmatic Realist
Conciliatory
Idealist

10. France
Revenge
Compensation
Security

11. United Kingdom
British interests
Compromise
Restraint

12. United States of America
Disarmament
Self-determination
Diplomacy

13. What were the terms?

14. Terms
Responsibility
Financial
Military
Territorial

15. War Guilt & Responsibility
Article the “War Guilt” Clause
Held Germany to be solely responsible for all loss and damage suffered by the Triple Entente during the war
“…Germany accepts responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied governments and their peoples have been subjected to as a result of the war…”
Provided the legal basis for the financial terms of the Treaty

16. Financial Terms Known as reparations Announced in 1921
Sum of £
An astronomical sum – Germany would take roughly 70 years to repay the entire sum
To be paid in cash or in kind e.g. coal

17. Territorial Terms

18. Germany was also stripped of its overseas colonies - many of these colonies were taken over by France and Britain
Germany was not permitted to unite with Austria in an attempt to limit its economic (and thus war making) potential

19. Military & Disarmament Terms
Germany was not allowed to have a General Staff - the body that coordinates military planning and strategy for a country’s armed forces
German Army restricted to men; no conscription allowed
It was not allowed to have any tanks or artillery (big guns)
German Navy was allowed to have six battleships and no submarines
Germany was not allowed to have an air force
A demilitarized zone (DMZ) was established in the Rhineland

20. Others
An international organisation known as the League of Nations was to be set up to provide a platform for the peaceful resolution of international disputes
Separate treaties were signed with Germany’s allies that saw the dismantling of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

21. Population 12% (6.5 million people)
What did Germany lose?
Territory 13%
Population 12% (6.5 million people)
Iron ore output 48%
Coal Output 15%
Agricultural output
15%

22. How did you think the German people reacted to this?