1. Formulation supplementary feed for milk production Its energy, crude protein, Ca and P content should be identical to those of milk. The nutrient content of 1 litre milk containing 4% fat are: 3.1 MJ NEl, 87g crude protein. Therefore the protein to calorie ratio (PCR) of the supplementary feed should also be 28 (87/3.1). (28-PCRl) x NEll The formula: p = ------------------------------- (PCRh-28) x NElh Where: p = the amount of protein concentrate (PCR>28) should be given to 1 kg energy source (cereal grain) (PCR<28) PCRl= PCR value of the energy source PCRh= PCR value of the protein concentrate NEll= NEl content of the energy source NElh= NEl content of the protein concentrate

2. Formulation supplementary feed for milk production Example: d.m. NEl c. protein. Ca PNEl c. protein Ca P PCR (g/kg) (MJ/kg d.m.) (g/kg d.m.) (MJ/kg) (g/kg) corn9128.57 103 0.2 3.57.82 94 0.18 3.2 12 extr. sunflower meal 8966.38 412 2.3 10.35.72 369 2.1 9.264.5 (28-12) x 7.82 p = ----------------------- = 0.6 (64.5 – 28) x 5.72 So, 0.6 kg sunflower meal has to be given to 1 kg corn. 1 kg corn + 0.6 kg sunflower = 1.6 kg; 1/1.6 = 63% corn 0.6/1.6 = 37% sunflower

3. Formulation supplementary feed for milk production How much should be given from this feed for one litre milk? NEl crude protein CaP (MJ)(g)(g)(g) 0.63 kg corn4.93590.112.0 0.37 kg sunflower2.121370.783.4 In 1 kg feed 7.051960.895.4 Needed for 1 litre milk 3.1872.81.7 So for 1 litre milk 3.1/7.05; or 87/196 = 0.44 kg feed needed Controlling the Ca and P levels Ca (g)P (g) 1kg feed contains 0.895.4 0.44 kg feed 0.392.37 requirement :2.81.7 The 2.41 g calcium deficit can be supplemented by limestone. 1kg limestone contains 380g Ca (see the table). So, for supplementing 1 g Ca 2.6 g limestone (1000/380) should be given. So, to 0.44 kg feed 6.27 g (2.41 x 2.6) limestone should be given. Each kg of feed needs 14.25 g (6.27/0.44) limestone supplementation.

4. Exercise Prepare supplementary feed for milk production using wheat and soybean meal! The milk contains 4% fat and 3.3% protein. How much needed from this feed for one litre milk? Control the Ca and P level of the feed, use supplementation if needed! d.m. NEl c. protein. Ca PNEl c. protein Ca P PCR (g/kg) (MJ/kg d.m.) (g/kg d.m.) (MJ/kg) (g/kg) wheat extr. soybean meal

5. How much should be given from this feed for one litre milk? NEl crude protein CaP (MJ)(g)(g)(g) kg wheat kg soybean In 1 kg feed Needed for 1 litre milk So for 1 litre milk............................................................kg feed needed Controlling the Ca and P levels Ca (g)P (g) 1kg feed contains.............. kg feed requirement :2.81.7 Exercise

6. A 650 kg weight milking cow, kept in medium quality pasture, produce milk with 3,8% fat and 3,3% protein. The daily ration contains the following nutrients: dry matter :16,5 kg NEl105,5 MJ crude protein:2133 g crude fibre:3135 g How much milk can be produced from this ration?