0. Mobile Computing and Commerce (chapter 8)

1. Learning Objectives
Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (devices, software, services).
Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks.
Discuss m-commerce applications in finance.
Describe m-commerce applications in shopping, advertising, and provision of content.

2. Learning Objectives
Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations and across the supply chain.
Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce.
Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce.
Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce.
Discuss the key characteristics, critical technologies, and major applications of pervasive computing.

3. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business)
Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network or from mobile devices

4. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE
Ubiquity
Convenience
Interactivity
Personalization
Localization

6. Example of mobile commerce
Car key and the Speedpass
Speedpass is a keychain RFID device. When you buy your gas, you simply “wave”
your Speedpass near the reader on the gas pump and your credit card is debited.

7. Mobile Commerce Applications
Financial Services
Financial Services: include banking, wireless payments, micropayments, wireless wallets, bill-payment services, brokerage services, and money transfers.
Mobile Banking: Many banks now offer access to financial & account information, the ability to transfer funds, and receive alerts on digital cell phones, smart phones, and PDAs.
Wireless Electronic Payment Systems: these systems transfer mobile phones into secure, self-contained purchasing tools capable of instantly authorizing payments over the cellular network.
Micropayments: electronic payments for small purchase amounts (generally less than $10).
Mobile (Wireless) Wallets: technologies that allow cardholders to make purchases with a single click from their mobile devices.
Wireless Bill Payments: Services provided by banking institutions that allow customers to pay their bills directly from their cell phones.
Mobile Banking
Wireless Electronic Payment System

8. Financial Services (continued)
Mobile Wallet
Micropayments
Wireless Bill Payments

9. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE
Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices
The handset culture
The service economy
Vendor’s push
The mobile workforce
Increased mobility
Improved price/performance
Improving bandwidth

10. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
wireless mobile computing (mobile computing)
Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another computing device, anytime, anywhere

11. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
MOBILE DEVICES
Mobile computers
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal information management
smartphone
A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities e.g Blackberry, iphone, Androids, etc

12. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES
Messaging Services
short message service (SMS)
A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones
multimedia messaging service (MMS)
The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media

13. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
Location-Based Services
Voice-Support Services
interactive voice response (IVR)
A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system
voice portal
A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call e.g Bing Voice Search for mobile phones (tellme.com)

14. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
personal area network (PAN)
A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range
Bluetooth
A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances

15. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
wireless local area network (WLAN)
A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
The common name used to describe the IEEE standard used on most WLANs

17. Components, Technical Infrastructure, and Services of Mobile Computing
WiMax
A wireless standard (IEEE ) for making broadband network connections over a medium-size area such as a city
wireless wide area network (WWAN)
A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network

18. Mobile Financial Applications
MOBILE BANKING
MOBILE PAYMENTS
Mobile Proximity Payments
Mobile Remote Payments

19. Mobile Financial Applications
digital divide
Refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without
microfinance
Refers to the provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients, including consumers and the self-employed

20. Mobile Marketing and Advertising
MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS
Four classes of mobile marketing campaigns:
Information
Entertainment
Raffles
Coupons

21. Mobile Marketing and Advertising
The major objectives of these classes fell into one of six categories:
Building brand awareness
Changing brand image
Promoting sales
Enhancing brand loyalty
Building customer databases
Stimulating mobile word of mouth

22. Mobile Marketing and Advertising
MOBILE MARKETING GUIDELINES
The basic principles of the Global Code of Conduct for Internet marketing:
Notice
Choice and consent
Customization and constraint
Security
Enforcement and accountability

23. Mobile Workforce Solutions
NEEDS OF THE MOBILE WORKFORCE
mobile worker
Any employee who is away from their primary work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the time
Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support
Mobile workers can be divided into three segments:
Mobile professionals (senior executives and consultants)
Mobile field force (field sales and service technicians)
Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and construction workers)

24. Mobile Workforce Solutions
Some solutions widely used by the three segments include:
Mobile office applications
Sales force automation (SFA)
Field force automation (FFA)
Mobile CRM (e-CRM)

25. Mobile Workforce Solutions
Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support
Network coverage gaps and interruptions
Internetwork roaming
Mobile network and application performance
Device and network management
Bandwidth management

26. Mobile Entertainment mobile entertainment
Any type of leisure activity that utilizes wireless telecommunication networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon usage

28. Mobile Entertainment MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO MOBILE GAMES
Technology
Number of players
Genre
MOBILE GAMBLING

29. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)
Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time
The services provided through location-based m-commerce focus on five key factors:
Location
Navigation
Tracking
Mapping
Timing

30. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
Mobile devices
Communication network
Positioning component
Service or application provider
Data or content provider

31. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
Positioning Components
network-based positioning
Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the network
terminal-based positioning
Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations
global positioning system (GPS)
A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth

32. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
Location-Based Data
Locating
Navigating
Searching
Identifying
Event checking
geographical information system (GIS)
A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information

34. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED
M-COMMERCE
Lack of GPS in mobile phones
Accuracy of devices
The cost–benefit justification
Limited network bandwidth
Invasion of privacy

35. Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce
M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES
Worms capable of spreading through mobile phones
Open-air transmission of signals across multiple networks opens up new opportunities for compromising security
Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen

36. Using Google Earth in location-based advertising
Google Earth provides symbols that include: icons for photographs taken of the area,
icons for information about the area, and icons for specific businesses that are in
the area and are of interest to the user.

37. Example of location-based advertising
Digital screen
New York city bus with digital screen that displays ads that change as the
bus moves through different neighborhoods. Further, the content will change
based on the time of day (e.g., coffee ads in the morning, beer at night.)

39. Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce
ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN
M-COMMERCE
The isolation that mobile devices can impose on a workforce
Field service employees dispatched remotely visit “the office” only briefly at the start and end of each day, if at all
Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs
Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions
Monitoring staff movements based on GPS-enabled devices or vehicles

40. Pervasive Computing pervasive computing
Invisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us
- embedded in the objects around us – the floors, the lights, our cars, washing machine, microwave oven, cell phones, clothes, and so on. (e.g., smart home, smart appliances)

41. Pervasive Computing Principles of Pervasive Computing
Decentralization
Diversification
Connectivity.
Simplicity
Internet of Things

42. Pervasive Computing radio frequency identification (RFID)
A short-range radio frequency communication technology for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID readers

43. Pervasive Computing RFID Basics RFID Applications
Tracking and identifying people
Tracking vehicles and commuters
Tracking animals
Tracking assets
Tracking product inventory
electronic product code (EPC)
A product identification standard that specifies the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item

44. Various RFID Tags

45. RFID tracking tag from the movie “Mission Impossible”
This image shows the tracking tag used in the movie “Mission Impossible.” Notice how
much larger this tag is than Hitachi’s RFID Dust.
Now….what about your privacy?

46. Product with bar code and RFID tag
Ask students why products would have both an RFID tag and a bar code….
Bar code

47. Pervasive Computing SENSOR NETWORKS AND SMART ITEMS
A collection of nodes, sometimes as small as millimeters in length or diameter, capable of environmental sensing, local computation, and communication with its peers or with other higher performance nodes
Sensor Networking Standards
Smart Applications
PRIVACY AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING