1. WORLD WAR II: Threats to World Peace
1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
International peace
Made war “illegal”
Japan i/t Pacific
Italy in Ethiopia
Civil War in Spain
1936 Axis Powers formed
Anti-Comintern Treaty
1938 Austria annexed

2. The Road to War 1938 Munich Conference APPEASEMENT
Sudetenland annexed by Germany
UK’s Chamberlain “peace in our time”
Czechoslovakia: German protectorate
Seized Slovakia
Which countries were represented?

3. The NAZI-SOVIET Pact (1939)
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
E. Europe spheres of influence
W. Poland to Germany
Polish Corridor
Polish access to Danzig
Baltics & E. Poland to USSR
Sept., 1, 1939: Nazi invasion of Poland
World War II begins
BLITZKRIEG: “lightning war”

4. Hitler’s NEW ORDER Jun ’41: breaks the Nazi-USSR non-aggression pact
Hitler calls for:
1 European political & economic system
FASCISM
“Aryan race”
supply food & resources
Slavs: racially inferior

5. Hitler’s FINAL SOLUTION
Answer t/t “Jewish Question”
The HOLOCAUST
The annihilation of all European Jews
zeal o/t minority of Germans
passivity o/t majority
Concentration Camps
“protective custody”
Germany: Dachau & Buchenwald
Poland: Auschwitz & Treblinka (extermination camps)
Slavs, Gypsies and homosexuals were also victims
No less than 6 million Jews were killed

7. Atlantic Charter
August 1941: FDR & Churchill publicly announce their national policies
8 Provisions:
pg. 725
Meeting in Wash., DC Jan 42
26 nations attended
Total War
Not to sign separate peace treaties
Abide by Atlantic Charter

8. Battle for the Seas Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean
Spring ’43: Allies control the Atlantic
Convoys
Sonar detects subs
Most German cities bombed
Pacific Ocean
Battle of Coral Sea
saves Australia
Battle of Midway
Island Hopping
Aug. ’42: Guadalcanal
First invasion of Japanese held territory
Battle of Okinawa
12,500 Americans KIA
110,000 Japanese KIA
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Battle of Iwo Jima

9. Important Battles January 1943: German’s surrender at Stalingrad
May 1943: German’s surrender in N. Africa
“soft belly o/t Axis”
Italy (July ’43) Sicily
Mussolini resigns
Badoglio new premier
Dissolved Fascist gov’t
Cease fire
Mussolini shot & hung by own people

10. Victory in Europe OPERATION OVERLORD 6 June ’44: D-DAY
invasion of NORMANDY
largest amphibious assault in history
“second front” for USSR
US v. USSR
Who would get to Berlin first?
drive from the east
drive from the west
Battle of the Bulge (Dec. ’44)
50 ml wedge into Allied lines
10 day battle
600,000 Americans involved
80,000 American KIA
100,000 Germans KIA
Nazi’s recognized defeat
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
V-J Day (Sept. 2, 1945)
Aug 6, 1945: Hiroshima
Aug 9, 1945: Nagasaki

11. YALTA (Feb. ’45) The Big Three POTSDAM (July ’45)
FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet
Germany will be divided
Liberated Europe will be able to have elections
USSR would enter war against Japan
receive Japanese territory
POTSDAM (July ’45)
Truman now US pres
Clement Attlee now PM of UK
Ultimatum to Japan

12. Costs of WWII 22 million soldiers KIA 34 million soldiers WIA
USSR: 7-11 million dead
Germany: 3.5 mil KIA soldiers
Japan: 2 million KIA total
Europe: 16 mil civilians KIA
Millionsssssss of Refugees
Bombing and killing of civilians simply became a war strategy

13. Post-World War II East & West Germany Nuremberg Trials (1945-49)
De-Nazification
Nazi party illegal
Nazi leaders being held accountable for horrors o/t war
Crimes Against Humanity
22 charges
12 death sentences
7 life imprisonments
3 acquittals
Allied Control Council
Allied occupation of Germany
demilitarize Germany
reparations
future borders
East German refugees flood West Germany
East & West Germany

14. Origins of the COLD WAR The Berlin Blockade led to the Berlin Airlift
Germany is divided
Beginning of the COLD WAR
Truman Doctrine ‘47
spread of communism is a threat to democracy
US policy to stop
Containment policy
Marshall Plan ’48-’52
Euro. Recovery Program
$13 billion for rebuilding
COMINFORM
Comm. Information Bureau
opposed Truman & Marshall plans
threat to communism

15. COLD WAR Divisions