1. SERIES AND PARALLAL CIRCUITS Using KVL and KCL

2. KIRCHOFF’S LAW In 1845 Kirchhoff first announced Kirchhoff's laws, which allow calculation of the currents, voltages, and resistances of electrical networks. Extending the theory of the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, he generalized the equations describing current flow to the case of electrical conductors in three dimensions. KIRCHOFF'S VOLTAGE LAW KVL KIRCHOFF'S CURRENT LAW KCL

3. CIRCUIT DEFINATIONS WHAT IS NODE ? a node is any region on a circuit between two circuit elements. In circuit diagrams, connections are ideal wires with zero resistance, so a node consists of the entire section of wire between elements, not just a single point.

4. CIRCUIT DEFINATIONS WHAT IS BRANCH ? Branches are the connections between nodes. A branch is an element (resistor, capacitor, source, etc.). The number of branches in a circuit is equal to the number of elements.

5. CIRCUIT DEFINATIONS WHAT IS LOOP ? Branches are the connections between nodes. A branch is an element (resistor, capacitor, source, etc.). The number of branches in a circuit is equal to the number of elements.

6. SERIES CIRCUIT WHAT IS KVL ? It states that in any closed loop network, the total voltage around the loop is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop which is equal to zero. Working Formula of KVL: Or

7. SERIES CIRCUIT

8. ONLINE SIMULATOR OUTPUT

9. SERIES CIRCUIT V S - (IR 1 + IR 2 + IR 3 ) = V S - I (R 1 +R 2 +R 3 ) = 18 - 0.30 ( 10+20+30) = 18-18 =0 (KVL IS PROVED) EQUAVALENT RESISTANCE R EQ = R 1 +R 2 +R 3 = 10+20+30 =60Ω

10. PARALLEL CIRCUIT WHAT IS KCL ? It states that in any electrical network the algebraic sum of all currents entering and exiting in a node must be equal to zero. Working Formula of KCL: I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + ……. = 0 Or

11. PARALLEL CIRCUIT

12. ONLINE SIMULATOR OUTPUT

13. PARALLEL CIRCUIT I S - (I 1 +I 2 +I 3 ) = 1.30 - (0.53+0.42+0.35) = 0 (KCL IS PROVED) EQUAVALENT RESISTANCE R EQ

14. REFARENCES www.electrical4u.com www.wiraelectrical.com FOR CIRCUIT MAKING www.circuit-diagram.org ONLINE CIRCUIT SIMULATION https://phet.colorado.edu/

15. THANK YOU