2. Design and Implementation of IOT based SCADA System for Micro-Grids By: Jaafar Jawad Duair Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ammar Ibraheem Majeed Asst. Prof.Dr. Ghusoon Muhssn. Ali

3. Outline Introduction Aim of Work Literature Survey Principle of Work Simulation Result Next step

4. Introduction What is Micro-Grid?  It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed to provide power for a small community.  It enables local power generation for local loads.  It comprises of various small power generating sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.  It can be connected to both the local generating units and the utility grid thus preventing power outages.  Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.  Size of the Micro-Grid may range from a house to several thousands of houses.

5. Micro-Grid Components  Distributed Generation  Loads  Immediate storage (Batteries)  Controller  Point of Common Coupling

6. Why use Micro-Grid ?  Transmission losses gets highly reduced.  Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to critical loads.  Micro-Grid encourages the use of the renewable energy sources.  Large land use impacts are avoided.  CO 2 Emissions are reduced.

7.  Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to Micro-Grid.  Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in conventional grid.  Power sources in case of Micro-Grid (often referred to as Micro-Sources) are small and are located in close proximity to load. Conventional Grid vs. Micro-Grid

8. Micro-Grid Disadvantages  Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.  Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus requiring more space and maintenance.  Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

9. Internet of Things (IOT)  Internet of Things (IoT) Future Internet  Internet of Things (IoT) is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects, usually the network will be wireless and self- configuring, such as household appliances. [Ref.] Wikipedia

11. IOT architecture Three major components for designing any IoT system Control Units: a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing processor core, memory and a programmable I/O peripheral. It is responsible for the main operation. Such as raspberry,NodeMcu,esp32 and Arduino. Application devices: Hardware architecture, smart sensors, actuators cloud computing, energy efficient devices Sensor To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things Networks: Communication technology, advanced internet protocol, wireless technology, RFID technology (Radio wave identification) Network communication encompasses following elements IPv6 protocol Wireless Network (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wimax, Cellular, Ad hoc, sensor ) Wired Network RFID network Security and privacy: Authentication procedure, secure device discovery, secure inter-device communication

12. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)  SCADA It is a collection of software and hardware used for process control. It is a central control system which consist of controllers network interfaces, input/output, communication equipment's and their software. SCADA may be systems which can be used to monitor and control the equipment's in the industrial process which include manufacturing, production, development and fabrication.  The infrastructural processes include gas and oil distribution, electrical power, water distribution. Public utilities include bus traffic system, airport. The SCADA system takes the reading of the meters and checks the status of sensors in regular interval so that it requires minimal interference of human.

13. SCADA Architecture  Generally SCADA system is a centralized system which monitors and controls entire area.  It is purely software package that is positioned on top of hardware.  A supervisory system gathers data on the process and sends the control commands to the process.  The SCADA is a remote terminal unit which is also known as RTU.  Most control actions are automatically performed by RTUs or PLCs (Programmable logic controller).

14. SCADA Architecture  The RTUs consist of programmable logic converter which can be set to specific requirement.  The SCADA system allows operators to change the set point for the flow.  It enable alarm conditions in case of loss of flow and high temperature low power etc. and the condition is displayed and recorded.  The SCADA system is a centralized system to communicate with both wire and wireless technology to Clint devices.  The SCADA system controls can run completely all kinds of industrial process.

15. SCADA Architecture Hardware Architecture  The generally SCADA system can be classified into two parts: o Clint layer o Data server layer  The Clint layer which caters for the man machine interaction.  The data server layer which handles most of the process data activities.  The physical equipment’s like sensors connected to the PLCs or RTUs.  The RTUs convert the sensor signals to digital data and sends digital data to master.  Most of the monitoring and control operations are performed by RTUs or PLCs.

16. Working Procedure of SCADA system  The SCADA system performs the following functions: o Data Acquisitions o Data Communication o Information/Data presentation o Monitoring/Control

17. Working Procedure of SCADA system  These functions are performed by sensors, actuators, RTUs, controller, and communication network.  The sensors are used to collect the important information and RTUs are used to send this information to controller and display the status of the system.  According to the status of the system, the user can give command to other system components.  This operation is done by the communication network.

18. Advantages:  The SCADA system provides on board electrical and graphical information.  The SCADA system is easily expandable. We can add set of control units and sensors according to the requirement.  The SCADA system ability to operate critical situations. Disadvantage  One disadvantage is that TCP/IP based SCADA systems are (extremely) vulnerable to cyber warfare/cyber terrorism attacks which, in the worst scenario case, could cause not only financial loss but also loss of life, directly or indirectly.

19. Aim of Work  Design and implementation of small Micro-Grid (PV solar array and backup battery) to feed second flower of the building of the electrical engineering department, college of engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University.  Design and implementation of a smart Neuro-Fuzzy maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to get maximum power with high efficiency for a PV system of Micro-Grid.  Controls this Micro-Grid by using SCADA system based on IOT.

20. Literature Survey

21. Principle of work  Calculate the power demand for Micro-Grid to feed second floor of Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University.  Calculate the loses for this PV system of the designed Micro-Grid.  Design a smart neuro-fuzzy maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for this system, boost converter dc/ac inverter.  The design was initially simulated by Simulink/MATLAB and then Implementation by using a suitable sensors and esp32 controller based on IOT architecture.  Design and Implementation of SCADA system using the selected sensors, actuators and controllers to monitor and control the whole parameters of the designed Micro-Grid.  Design and implementation of the small Micro-Grid to test the designed SCADA system.

22. Step 1: Calculations of total Watt-hours per day for each appliance used In order to design Micro-Grid and how much power for day(W.h) to need. Load Load Power Qty. Total power Daily operating time Power for day (w.h) LED Spot Light6w20120W(8AM-5AM)21H2520 Fans70w352450w (8AM-3PM)7 H17150 Laptop130 w607800w (8AM-3PM)7H 54600 Data Show60w3180w (8AM-3PM)7H 1260 Sound Blaster60w2120w(8AM-3PM)7H840 Fluorescent Lamp40w1124480w(8AM-5AM)21H94080 Printer40w4160w(8AM-3PM)7H1120 Router70w2140w(8AM-3PM)7H980 TV and Receiver400w1 (8AM-3PM)7H2800 Copying Machine400w31200w(8AM-3PM)7H8400 Refrigerator200w1 (0AM-23PM)24H4800 ventilators30w4120w(8AM-3PM)6H840 PC250 w205000w(8AM-3PM)7H35000 Total 22370 W 224390 Wh

23. Calculate total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules  Multiply the total appliances Watt-hours per day by safety factor (SF) of 1.3 (the energy lost in the system) to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be provided by the panels. Calculate losses and safety factor  Inverter efficiency ( η inv) ( 90%- 96% ), losses (4% to 10 %)  Battery efficiency ( η Bat) (80% - 85%), losses (15% to 20%)  Charger efficiency ( η Charg ) (95% -98%), losses ( 2% to 5%)  Temperature losses (5% to 20%)  DC cables losses (1% to 3 %)  Losses due to dust, rain, snow... (2%)  Modules wattage tolerances (1%)  System losses = 4+15+2+5+1+2+1=30%  Then the safety factor (SF) will be (1.3 ) Total PV panels energy needed = power consumption * safety factor = 224390Wh/day *1.3 = 291707 wh/day

24. Step 2: Choosing PV module and sizing

25. Inverter sizing 1. An inverter is used in the system where AC power output is needed. 2. The input rating of the inverter should never be lower than the total watt of appliances. 3. The inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your battery. Battery sizing The battery type recommended for using in solar PV system is deep cycle battery. Deep cycle battery is specifically designed for to be discharged to low energy level and rapid recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years. The battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate the appliances at night and cloudy days.

26. MPPT design

27. MPPT government equations

28. The behavior of the solar cell )power and current and MPPT) in different atmosphere condition

29. Fuzzy logic mamadani method to get MPPT  MPPT fuzzy controller to adjust duty cycle of pwm for switching device of boost converter.  The boost converter increase voltage to bus circuit who feed batteries and Dc/ac converter

30. Fuzzy mamadani logic controller Fuzzy Mamdani design (b) Input of variable “ error ” (c) Input of variable “ error change ” (d) Output of variable “ duty cycle ” de(k)=p(k)-p(k- 1) e(k)=v(k)-v(k-1) NBNMNSZEPSPMPB NB NM NSZE NMNB NM NSZEPS NSNBNM NSZEPSPM ZENM NSZEPSPM PSNMNSZEPSPM PB PMNSZEPSPM PB ZEPSPM PB

31. Micro-Grid pv array system Micro-Grid pv array system block diagram

32. Simulation result  the Layout PV array solar model system consisting of PV array, DC/DC boost converter chopper with an MPPT fuzzy controller, batteries array, dc/ac inverter connected to a load, as implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment

33. Simulation result

34. Simulation result voltage,current and power of pv array

35. Simulation result

36. Simulation result Ac output

37. SCADA for Micro-Grid based on MATLAB/Simulink dashboard

40. Current and Future work  Design and Implementation SCADA system by using sensors,relay and node mcu esp32 microcontroller based IOT to mentoring and controlling the micro grid system

41. Thank you