1. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

2. Summary The play which is set in Verona, Italy is a story about a long feud between the Montague and Capulet families. This feud causes tragic results for the main characters in the play, Romeo and Juliet. The events contrast hatred and revenge with love and a secret marriage, forcing the young star-crossed lovers to grow up quickly and die tragically in despair. Romeo and Juliet are teenagers who fall in love at a party. But they come from families which hate each other. They are sure they will not be allowed to marry. Nevertheless, helped by Friar Laurence, they marry in secret instead. Unfortunately, before their wedding night Romeo kills Juliet's cousin in a duel, and in the morning he is forced to leave her. If he ever returns to the city, he will be put to death.

3. Summary Juliet's parents told her she must marry Paris. Her parents do not know she is already married. She refuses in the beginning, but later agrees because she plans to fake her death and escape to be with Romeo forever; again with the help of Friar Laurence. Frair Laurence designs the plan. He gives Juliet a sleeping potion. She appears to be dead and was put in a tomb. However, Romeo does not know about the plan, visits her grave, thinks she is dead, and kills himself. When Juliet finally wakes up, she discovers that Romeo is dead and then kills herself. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRrvQ1vZxcg

4. Main Characters Romeo - The son and heir of Montague and Lady Montague. A young man of about sixteen. He lives in the middle of a violent feud between his family and the Capulets, but he is not at all interested in violence. His only interest is love. At first, he is madly in love with a girl named Rosaline, but the instant he lays eyes on Juliet, he falls in love with her and forgets Rosaline. Juliet -The daughter of Capulet and Lady Capulet. A beautiful thirteen-year-old girl, Juliet begins the play as a naïve child who has thought little about love and marriage, but she grows up quickly upon falling in love with Romeo, the son of her family’s great enemy. Friar Lawrence - A Franciscan friar, friend to both Romeo and Juliet. Kind, civic- minded, a proponent of moderation, and always ready with a plan, Friar Lawrence secretly marries the impassioned lovers in hopes that the union might eventually bring peace to Verona. As well as being a Catholic holy man, Friar Lawrence is also an expert in the use of seemingly mystical potions and herbs. Tybalt - A Capulet, Juliet’s cousin on her mother’s side. Vain, fashionable, supremely aware of courtesy and the lack of it, he becomes aggressive, violent, and quick to draw his sword when he feels his pride has been injured. Once drawn, his sword is something to be feared. He loathes Montagues.

5. Main Characters Capulet - The patriarch of the Capulet family, father of Juliet, husband of Lady Capulet, and enemy, for unexplained reasons, of Montague. He truly loves his daughter, though he is not well acquainted with Juliet’s thoughts or feelings, and seems to think that what is best for her is a “good” match with Paris. Often prudent, he commands respect and propriety, but he is liable to fly into a rage when either is lacking. Lady Capulet - Juliet’s mother, Capulet’s wife. A woman who herself married young (by her own estimation she gave birth to Juliet at close to the age of fourteen), she is eager to see her daughter marry Paris. She is an ineffectual mother, relying on the Nurse for moral and pragmatic support. Montague - Romeo’s father, the patriarch of the Montague clan and bitter enemy of Capulet. At the beginning of the play, he is chiefly concerned about Romeo’s melancholy. Lady Montague - Romeo’s mother, Montague’s wife. She dies of grief after Romeo is exiled from Verona. Mercutio – Romeo’s best friend. Killed by Tybalt in a sword fight.

6. Shakespearean Language

7. The language in which Shakespeare wrote is referred to as Early Modern English, a linguistic period that lasted from approximately 1500 to 1750. The language spoken during this period is often referred to as Elizabethan English or Shakespearian English. https://lingojam.com/EnglishtoS hakespearean

8. Elizabethan English used a set of pronouns than we're used to. The first person -- I, me, my, and mine -- remains basically the same. The second-person singular (you, your, yours), however, is translated like so: pronouns "Thou" for "you" (nominative, as in "Thou hast risen.") "Thee" for "you" (objective, as in "I give this to thee.") "Thy" for "your" (genitive, as in "Thy dagger floats before thee.") "Thine" for "yours" (possessive, as in "What's mine is thine.")

9. Shakespearean Vocabulary List Below, you'll find a handy list of some of the most common words used by Shakespeare translated into modern English. Abroach - Opened or positioned so that a liquid, such as wine, can be let out. Abroach Who set this ancient quarrel new abroach? Absolver - someone who grants absolution Absolver Being a divine, a ghostly confessor, A sin absolver, and my friend profess'd, Monger - someone who maintains an inventory of goods to be sold Monger Why, is not this a lamentable thing, grandsir, that we should be thus afflicted with these strange flies, these fashion- mongers, these pardona-mi's, who stand so much on the new form that they cannot sit at ease on the old bench? Stratagem - an elaborate or deceitful scheme to deceive or evade Stratagem Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagems Upon so soft a subject as myself!

10. Ordain - invest with ministerial or priestly authority Ordain All things that we ordained festival, Turn from their office to black funeral- Our instruments to melancholy bells Penury – a state of extreme poverty or destitution Penury Noting this penury, to myself I said, 'An if a man did need a poison now Whose sale is present death in Mantua, Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him.' Pernicious - exceedingly harmful Pernicious What, ho! you men, you beasts, That quench the fire of your pernicious rage With purple fountains issuing from your veins! Slew - a large number or amount or extent Slew There lies the man, slain by young Romeo, That slew thy kinsman, brave Mercutio.

11. Unruly - unable to be governed or controlled Unruly All this- uttered With gentle breath, calm look, knees humbly bow'd- Could not take truce with the unruly spleen Of Tybalt deaf to peace, but that he tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast; Unsavoury - morally offensive Unsavoury Come, bitter conduct; come, unsavoury guide! Wormwood - any of several aromatic herbs Wormwood For I had then laid wormwood to my dug, Sitting in the sun under the dovehouse wall. Yoke - a wooden frame across the shoulders for carrying buckets Yoke O, here Will I set up my everlasting rest And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars From this world-wearied flesh. Garish - tastelessly showy, overly bright or ornamented, especially in a vulgar or tasteless way Garish

12. Figurative Language Figurative language refers to the use of words in a way that deviates from the conventional order and meaning in order to convey a complicated meaning, colorful writing, clarity, or evocative comparison. It uses an ordinary sentence to refer to something without directly stating it Simile - a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ). Metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. (“it’s raining cats and dogs”) Personification is when you give an animal or object qualities or abilities that only a human can have. (“Lightning danced across the sky. The wind howled in the night.”)

13. Examples In Text In act 1, scene 1, for example, the Prince uses metaphor to liken the men to "beasts" and their blood to "purple fountains issuing from their veins." Later, Romeo employs a simile to compare Juliet's beauty to "a rich jewel in Ethiope's ear.“ “Death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead” Love itself, a central theme of the play, is personified as “so gentle in his view” but “so tyrannous and rough in proof”