1. ETRUSCAN AND ROMAN ART Name: Hasini Hewapathirana Index No: 6413 Date: 14 th of July, 2019

2. Content Introduction about Rome Etruscan and their influence on Rome Etruscan architecture Temples Roman architectural orders Composite order Tuscan order Arches Roman vaulting Creation and usage of concrete

3. ROME As per legend, Rome was established in 753BC by twin children Romulus and Remus who were raised by a she-wolf. Rome is the capital city of Italy. Rome is located in the central portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River about 15 miles inland from the Tyrrhenian Sea. After 450 years as a republic, Rome turned into a realm in the wake of Julius Caesar’s ascent and fall in the first century B.C. The culture of Rome was spread throughout Europe during its rule Rome’s culture still has an impact in the western world today.

4. Etruscan and their influence on Rome 1. Who were the Etruscans? The Etruscans were a powerful clan with an alien tongue and abnormal traditions. And no one is more obsessed with the Etruscans than the Italians themselves. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to a civilization of ancient Italy. 2. How did they influenced Rome ? Early Rome was deeply influenced by Etruscan culture. The Etruscan also gained control of Corsica. In Italy, the Etruscan cities were very powerful, and were formidable opponents of the rising power of Rome. Etruscan reached the height of their power in the sixth century BCE, when they expanded into the Po River valley to the north and the Campania region to the south. Etruscan wealth came from fertile soil and an abundance of metal Ore.

5. Etruscan Architecture Etruscan architecture was created between about 700BC TO 200BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome. As with all ancient people, Etruscan art was strongly connected to the religion; the afterlife was of a major importance in Etruscan art. Etruscan architecture was intensely influenced by Greek architecture, which was developing itself through the same period. The exteriors of both Greek and Roman temples were initially decorated and colorful, especially in the rooftops, and this was in the event that anything much progressively valid for Etruscan temples.

6. Roman architectural orders The Etruscans and Romans adapted Greek architectural orders to their own taste, often using them as applied decoration on walls. The Etruscans developed the Tuscan order by modifying the Doric order, adding a base under the shaft, which was often left unfluted. Romans created the composite order by combining the volutes of Greek Ionic capitals with the acanthus leaves from the Corinthian order. The Composite order, which was not positioned as a different order until the Renaissance, is a late Roman development of the Corinthian.

7. In architecture, the composite column is a Roman-designed column style that combines characteristics of the ancient Greek-era Ionic and the Corinthian columns.

8. Arches in Rome The Roman Arch was the foundation of Rome’s architecture. It allowed the Romans to make greater structures, longer roads and better reservoir conduits. A significant component of a curve is its keystone, which the stone that bolts the other stones set up. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans a raised space and could possibly support the weight above it, or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic weight against it.

9. Roman Vaulting Examples 1.Groin vault The word “ groin” refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults. A Groin vault is created by two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles. The arches of vaults are rounded or pointed. A Groin vault also known as a Double barrel vault.

10. 2.Barrel Vault A Barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an engineering component shaped by the extrusion of a single curve along a given separation.

11. Roman Vaulting Barrel vaulting is the primary type of vaulting which showed up in Egypt and the center east. Roman architects later on found that two barrel vaulting when combined, shaped a Groin Vault. Since the Groin vaults pushes are amassed at all four corners supporting the walls required, buttressing only where they supported the vault.