1. Rome: The Beginning SS.A.2.4.5; SS.B.2.4.1-5

2. Italy & The Roman World

3. Italian Geography Apennine mountains form a ridge from north to south, forming spine of Italy Apennine mountains form a ridge from north to south, forming spine of Italy Fertile farm lands in Po River Valley, Campania, and Plain of Latium Fertile farm lands in Po River Valley, Campania, and Plain of Latium Italy is a peninsula; Adriatic Sea (east), Ionian Sea (southeast), Mediterranean Sea (southwest), Tyrrhenian Sea (west) Italy is a peninsula; Adriatic Sea (east), Ionian Sea (southeast), Mediterranean Sea (southwest), Tyrrhenian Sea (west) Alps Mountains to the north (highest range in Europe) Alps Mountains to the north (highest range in Europe)

4. Impact Of Geography On Rome Italy vs. Greece: Apennines not as tall as Greek mountains, did not isolate communities; and farming much better in Italy than in Greece. Italy vs. Greece: Apennines not as tall as Greek mountains, did not isolate communities; and farming much better in Italy than in Greece. Latium=perfect place for a city: Latium=perfect place for a city: Rome located 18 miles inland, on the Tiber River (easy access to sea=trade; inland=protected from pirates) Rome located 18 miles inland, on the Tiber River (easy access to sea=trade; inland=protected from pirates) Rome built on 7 hills=easy to protect Rome built on 7 hills=easy to protect Italy’s position at center of Med. Sea, makes it important crossroads for trade, easy to build empire around Mediterranean Sea Italy’s position at center of Med. Sea, makes it important crossroads for trade, easy to build empire around Mediterranean Sea

5. Apennine Mountains

6. Peoples of Italy 1500-1000 B.C.: Groups of Indo-European peoples move into Italy from north, east 1500-1000 B.C.: Groups of Indo-European peoples move into Italy from north, east Three main groups of Indo-Europeans: Three main groups of Indo-Europeans: Latins Latins Etruscans Etruscans Greeks Greeks

7. The Latins Arrived in Italy from the northeast (1500) Arrived in Italy from the northeast (1500) Farmers and herders Farmers and herders Settled atop the seven hills around the Tiber River in central Italy Settled atop the seven hills around the Tiber River in central Italy Language=Latin (Indo-European) Language=Latin (Indo-European) Eventually call themselves Romans, after the city they create on the Tiber River Eventually call themselves Romans, after the city they create on the Tiber River

8. The Etruscans Indo-European people who settle north of the Plain of Latium (north of Rome) Indo-European people who settle north of the Plain of Latium (north of Rome) Most influenced the Romans by conquering the Latins Most influenced the Romans by conquering the Latins Etruscans change Rome from small town to big city through large building projects Etruscans change Rome from small town to big city through large building projects Things Romans take from Etruscans: dress (toga, short cloak) and military structure Things Romans take from Etruscans: dress (toga, short cloak) and military structure

9. Etruscan Art

10. The Greeks Between 750-550 B.C. many Greeks left their homelands, and came to colonize Italy for its fertile farmlands (growing olives and grapes) Between 750-550 B.C. many Greeks left their homelands, and came to colonize Italy for its fertile farmlands (growing olives and grapes) Originally settling on the island of Sicily, these Greeks slowly moved up the coasts of the Italian mainland Originally settling on the island of Sicily, these Greeks slowly moved up the coasts of the Italian mainland Greek contributions: alphabet, religion, artistic and cultural models through their architecture, sculpture and literature Greek contributions: alphabet, religion, artistic and cultural models through their architecture, sculpture and literature

11. Greek to Latin Alphabet