1. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

2. A style of architecture begun in Greece after the Persian Wars (400’s BC) This style of architecture spread through the known world by the work of Alexander the Great in what became known as the “Hellenistic World”. The Romans were next to pick up this Greek style and added their own touches to Classical Architecture. It was revived during the Renaissance. It still is the most influential style used today.

3. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Classical Architecture can be divided into three phases: Greek, Hellenistic, Roman. The Classical orders are ancient styles of classical building design distinguished by the type of column and entablature (architrave, frieze and cornise) used. There are five recognized orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian are Greek; Tuscan and Composite are Roman.

4. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Parts of a column: –3 parts: base, shaft, capital. Parts of a classical building –Upper horizontal part: entablature (part supported by the column). –Entablature is divided into: architrave, frieze, cornice. –The capital is used to distinguish between the orders.

5. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Parts of a column: –Capital: function is to concentrate weight of entablature onto the shaft –Entablature: 3 layers: Architrave: bottom Frieze: middle Cornice: top capital Shaft Base

6. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Measurement: columns are measured as a ratio. It is the diameter of the shaft at its base compared to the height of the column

7. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Greek Orders: –Doric: originated on Greek mainland. Simplest of the orders. Short, heavy columns with plain, round capitals. 4-8 diameters in height. Shaft: channeled with 20 flutes –Frieze of Doric order is divided into triglyphs and metopes: Triglyph: 3 vertical bands separated by grooves Metopes: plain or carved reliefs.

8. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Ionic: Originated in Ionia. –Slender, fluted shaft. –Large base –Capital: Two volutes (scrolls). –24 flutes in shaft –Doric triglyph and metope. –Frieze: continuous ornament: carved figures.

9. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Corinthian order: –Most ornate of the orders. –Slender, fluted column, 24 flutes –Ornate capital decorated with acanthus leaves. Carved with two rows of leaves and four scrolls.

10. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Roman Orders: –Tuscan Order: very plain design, with a plain shaft, and a simple capital, base, and frieze. Unfluted shaft. In proportions it is similar to the Doric order. –Composite Order: Mixed order. Combines the volutes (scrolls) of the Ionic with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order.

11. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Entablature: Upper section of wall that is supported by columns. Consists of architrave, frieze, cornice.

12. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Architrave: lowest section of classic entablature. Rests directly on the capital of the column.

13. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Frieze: Part of entablature between the architrave and cornice. Largely decorative and is the most important part of the entablature.

14. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Cornice: Upper most section of entablature.

15. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Elements of Classical Architecture: Triglyph: rectangular block with 3 flat vertical band, often decorates a frieze but can decorate other places as well. Metope:

16. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Metope: part of the frieze, plain or carved. metope triglyph

17. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Pediment: Triangular space formed at the roof on a classical temple.

18. Doric Ionic Corinthian