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Introduction to Embedded Systems
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Introduction to Embedded systems
Build process for embedded systems Structural Units in Embedded Processor Selection of Processor Selection of Memory Devices Direct memory devices Memory management methods Timer & Counter devices Watchdog Timer Real time clock In circuit Emulator Target Hardware Debugging
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Introduction to Embedded systems
Definition Characteristics constraints
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Build process for embedded systems
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Structural Units in Embedded Processor
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Selection of Processor
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Direct memory Access
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Memory management methods
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Timer & Counter devices
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Watchdog Timer
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Real time clock
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In circuit Emulator A hardware tool that debugs and program a target device. Emulator has more features than debugger Emulate means imitate with effort
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Emulator features Processor run at maximum speed
Debugging can be done with device in circuit No emulation load on the processor bus Simple interconnection Capability to incorporate I/O data
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Emulator helps Debug an application on hardware in real time
Debug with hardware breakpoints Debug with software breakpoints Halt, based on internal events or external events Monitor internal file registers Emulate full speed of processor Program device as production programmer Trace the lines of code
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Emulator system setup
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Target Hardware Debugging
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Embedded Networking Unit 2
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Introduction I/0 Devices Ports Buses Serial Bus Communication Protocols RS232 Standard RS422 RS485 CAN Bus Serial Peripheral Interface Inter Integrated Circuits Need for device drivers
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Introduction Need for Embedded Networking Embedded Development
About size About cost About performance About accuracy
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I/O Device Ports Input output device ports shows how the operating system might interact with such an entity Using serial I/O bus Using parallel I/O bus Using Internet Using Wireless protocol
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I/O Device Ports Synchronous serial input Synchronous serial output
Asynchronous serial UART input Asynchronous serial UART output Parallel one bit input Parallel one bit output Parallel port input Parallel port output
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Embedded Networking
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Bus It is a collection of wires which carry electrical signal. That is may be defined in terms of voltage or current level It is classified as address, data, & control
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Address bus Which carries the memory or IO address, that processor wants to access in order to read or write data. It is an unidirectional bus.
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Data bus Carries the data coming from or going to the processor.
It is a bidirectional bus Which place major role of reading & writing
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Control bus Also called as command bus which transports control and synchronization signal. It is a bidirectional bus, that is signal which travel in either or both direction are present in the group
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Processor Memory Bus Peripheral Buses
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Processor memory & peripheral bus
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Embedded processors
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Serial Bus Communication Protocols
Data between the two device only in bit by bit fashion Sequence by using single wire Serial interface using RS232 Serial Interface using RS422/RS485 Universal Serial Bus CAN Bus I2C
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Types Simplex connection Data flow in one direction
From transmission to receiver Ex: communication between computer to Printer Mouse to cpu
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Half Duplex connection
Also called alternating or Semi duplex Data flow in bi direction Data flow in one direction at a time EX: Walkie Talkie
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Full Duplex : Data flow in both direction simultaneously
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Features of serial communication bus
Synchronous bus Asynchronous bus
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Communication Protocols RS232
Standard Interface in processor & controller Serial I/O Protocols Either in Synchronous or Asynchronous Also called EIA 232
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