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Warm up – complete your SAQ from last class

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Presentation on theme: "Warm up – complete your SAQ from last class"— Presentation transcript:

1 Warm up – complete your SAQ from last class
(we will turn in notebook at the end of class)

2 Target Issues of religious reform exacerbated conflicts between the monarchy and the nobility, as in the French wars of religion Know the French Wars of Religion end with the Edict of Nantes, allowing some religious pluralism Know the 30 Years’ War ends in the Peace of Westphalia, which end the wars of Religion in Europe

3 Wars of Religion PG ______

4 French Wars of Religion
Background Concordant of Bologna 1516 (Pope and King of France agree: RRC collects taxes from French church's, and French King can tax clergy and appoint Catholic Bishops in France.) Limits impact of Reformation in France Works as long as France is mostly Catholic BUT by1562: 10% of overall population are Huguenots, 40% of nobles are Huguenots French Monarchy starts to persecute Huguenots to preserve Catholicism AND to limit power of nobles

5 War (what is it good for?)
Henry...III of Valois Henry... Of Navarre ...JK Henry IV War (what is it good for?) Henry....Of Guise. I Like Catholics : two Monarchs die, leaving 11 yr old Charles IX as king and his mother Catherine de Medici Power vacuum 9 civil wars from Most important: Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Margaret of Valois (sister to king of France) marries Henry of Navarre, a leading Calvinist 10,000-20,000 Huguenots killed War of the three Henry’s Henry of Navarre becomes King (Henry IV), converts to Catholicism, and enacts the Edict of Nantes 1598 Catholicism official religion, but Huguenots can worship in certain provinces

6 Decline of the Habsburgs: 1556 Charles V abdicates.....
Western half of Empire Eastern half of Empire Son Philip II OF SPAIN takes German lands (on top of Spain and other holdings) Spanish Netherlands Calvinists vs Catholics (backed by Philip’s force) 1581 Union of Utrecht Holland (province of Netherlands) and 6 northern provinces gain independence and officially Calvinist South (soon to be Belgium) stays ”Spanish Netherlands” and still Catholic Conflict with England Elizabeth supported Protestant rebellion in Netherlands Pope encourages attack  Philip II sends Armada 1588 Spanish fleet sent defeated by England Protestant groups gain political and religious strength in Europe b/c of Philip II’s failures Ferdinand takes control of Eastern portion of Empire, largely Austria Ottomans v. HRE Battle of Lepanto Naval success for HRE Checks Ottoman expansion at Vienna Resources spent on Ottoman, costs them ability to spend it defending Catholicism Menonites: Dutch Calvanists 17 provinces in Netherlands and Spanish overlords fighting in civil war over protestant vs catholicism

7 BRAIN CHECK: Numbered Heads together

8 The Concordant of Bologna in 1516
Allows the French King to appoint clergy if RCC can still collect church taxes Limits impact of Reformation in HRE Works as long as France is mostly Protestant Ends the religious conflict in France

9 What class of people has a large population of Huguenots in France?
Peasants Kings Nobles Merchants

10 What event kick-starts the wars of religion in France?
Catherine de Medici becomes Queen Two Kings of France die The child-king is assassinated in France Two Queens of France die

11 Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre is when________ kills 20,000 ________
Frenchmen; Englishmen Englishmen; Frenchmen Protestants; Catholics Catholics; Protestants

12 What ends the wars of religion in France?
Edict of Nantes Edict of Free Religion Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Eastphalia

13 What distracts the HRE from suppressing Protestantism in the empire?
Conflict with France Conflict with England Conflict with Ottoman Conflict with Mughal

14 Battle of Lepanto was A naval battle that the HRE won, stopping Ottoman expansion A land battle that the HRE won, stopping the Ottoman expansion A naval battle that the Ottoman won, stopping HRE expansion A land battle that the Ottoman won, stopping the HRE expansion

15 Philip II of France Philip II of Spain Ferdinand of Spain
Who takes over the western portion of the HRE after Charles V abdicates? Philip II of France Philip II of Spain Ferdinand of Spain Ferdinand of Austria

16 Switzerland Denmark Netherlands Austria
What country gained their independence from the HRE in a struggle for political and religious freedom? Switzerland Denmark Netherlands Austria

17 England France Scotland Netherlands
Who supported the Dutch rebellion and Philip II hated because they were a strong Protestant nations? England France Scotland Netherlands

18 30 Years’ War Early Conflict New Threat:
Schmalkaldic Wars...ends in Peace of Augsburg 1555 New Threat: Calvinism not allowed for by Peace of Augsburg Bohemia  ruler Catholic, but population mostly Protestant Thirty Years’ War began as a local religious conflict between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and his Protestant subjects in Bohemia, but grew into a continent-wide political conflict over the Balance of Power in Europe. King of Bohemia was Frederic II, the soon to be emperor once Charles V abdicates...so very catholic

19 Bohemian Danish Swedish French Local and Religious
4 phases Bohemian Danish Swedish French Local and Religious Continental & Political

20 Local and Religious Bohemia Danish Ruled by HRE, but generous religious toleration Formally guaranteed by previous HRE ruler Revoked by Ferdinand II, a Jesuit- educated Habsburg Defenestration of Prague Starts conflict with two HRE emissaries thrown out a window Ferdinand/Catholics reacts and wins Battle of White Mountain decisively King of Denmark (Lutherans) respond by invading to help Lutheran Princes against HRE #FAIL for Denmark Ends with Edict of Restitution 1629 Catholics get back lands that Protestants had since Peace of Augsburg The emissaries somehow survived the 70 foot drop - how they did depends on who you ask (Catholics maintained that they were saved by the Virgin Mary and angels, while Protestants later wrote that they fell into a massive dung heap.  This ended up being a colossal failure, as his expected allies didn’t give him aid they had promised and he had underestimated the strength of the Imperial armies.  The Danish king retreated back into his own country with an army of Imperial mercenaries at his heels.

21 Continental and Political
French Swedish Gustavus Adolphus killed in battle in 1632 Swedes out of active leadership in Protestant Cause France switches from financer to fighter Gustavus Adolphus (Lutheran) invades HRE to help Protestants “Father of Modern Warfare” Battle of Breitenfield 1631 Decisive victory for Protestants French Aid to Swedes Cardinal Richelieu  sends $$ Poltique: care more about evening balance of Power (ie weakening Habsburgs) than helping out other Catholics father of modern warfare,” being one of the first military commanders to make use of mobile artillery on the battlefield. 

22 The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
French/ last phase was really bloody  ppl tired, confused, wanted peace Treaty of Westphalia End Thirty Years’ War What is does Weaken HRE and France becomes prominent Power of Western Europe Netherlands and Switzerland independent and Habsburg free Calvinism allowed as third option for Princes in HRE The Thirty Years’ War was the last major religious war in Europe and put an end to the violence accompanying the Protestant Reformation.

23 Movie Poster with dramatic introduction Slytherin: First phase
Options: Skit :45-1:00 1 person can be script writer Please write basic script and turn in with all names on it Movie Poster with dramatic introduction Poster that shows phase Dramatic intro to summarize Poem or Rap 1 person must present it aloud All must help create Slytherin: First phase Ravenclaw: Second Phase Hufflepuff: Third Phase Puckwudgie: Fourth Phase Gryffindor: conclusion/ Treaty of Westphalia

24 End of Class Review Homework How did Issues of religious reform exacerbated conflicts between the monarchy and the nobility in the French wars of religion? Outlines due Friday Tutoring for test after school THURSDAY Test is Tuesday Study guide will be coming Wednesday You’ll get your notebooks back by Thursday

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